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President T a 1 1 Measured b y 
his ni o s t remarkable s p e e c li 
on the II a ni i t i c Race question, 
a n d t li e d u t >' o f the A ni e r - 
lean People to this Race 



BY 

Rev. Joseph E. Hayne, M.D., D.D. 

OF 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 

The author of the Hamitic Origin of trte an- 
cientt Greeks, Cretans, and all the Celtic races; 
The Black Man, or the Natural History of the 
Hamitic race; The Negro in Sacred History, or 
Ham and his immediate descendants, and sev- 
eral other valuable books and pamphlets on 
the Hamitic Race. 




Price 

Paper, 35 Cents Cujth, ()5 Cents 



Copyrightwl If/O fy J^^ C rr«»-y-»<-%_ All Rights Reserved 



,4. 




WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT. 



C1.A259744 



■ I 



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X) 

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> 



JOSEPH E. HAYXE, .\l. D., D.D. 



TADLE OF COXTEMS. 



Page 

Preface 5 

President Taft tlu^ llaniitic Race and the American White 

People 9 

:\Ir. Taffs Speech J 3 

The Southe.'n Xegro 21' 

Tlie Over-rnling Providence of God in the Introduction of Ameri- 
can Slavery 26 

People Who Think They Know But are Ignorant of the Hamitio 

Race .?2 

■""Ham, the Ancestral Head of the Race o4 

Physiognomy and the Probable Causes of the Color of the Slvin 

and the Texture of the Hair o". 

"T3ible Terms Relating to Ham and His Descendants, the 

I'ushites ;'>9 

]\lis!aim and His Descendents 42 

("aanan and His Descendents 42 

Prejudice and Ignorant People 43 

A Hopeful View of Oui Xegro Problem i') 

Great Hamitic Men and Women of iModern Times 4S 

Tlifir Place in ti;e Literary World and as Discoverers Among 

the Modern leople 4> 

Our President Seems Well Informed Al)out IIam"s Descendents 

in Modern History 50 

President Taft on Afrii an Mission ^^3 

What Christianity is Doing for the Hamite in Africa 'ii. 

Light Dawns in the South 5-") 

The Author's Recapitulaiions fJ 

The Future of ihe Hamitic Race . ^'J 



Preface. 

The cdc of the modern Homer of the race is not out of place 
at this time, because u exiiiesses so much in common with what we 
have said, therefore we will quote it, because of the good it will 
accomplish. 

« ODE TO ETHIOPIA. 



I. 



:\Iot;v'r Race: 1o theo 1 bring 
This pledge of faith unwavering. 

This tribute to thy glory. 

1 know tht pangs which thou didst feel, 
When SUiVery crushed thee with its heel, 

AVith lb: 



II. 



Sad days were those — ah, sad indeed! 

Bui ihrougl; the land the fruitful seed 
Of better times were growing. 

The phiiit of freedom upward sprung, 

And siircad its leaves so fresh and young- 
Its blossoms now are blowing. 



III. 



Be proud, my Race, in mind and soul; 
Thy name is writ on Glory's scroll 

In characters, of fire. 
High 'mi'i the clouds of Fame's bright sky, 
Thy banner's blazoned folds now fly 

And truth shall lift them higher. 



IV. 



Go on ami up: our touls and eyes 
Shall follo\\ thy continuous rise, 

Our ears shall list thy story. 
From nard who from thy root shall spring, 
And proudly tune tluir lyres to sm^^ 

Of Ethiopia's glory. 

— Paul Lawrence Dunbar. 



G 

A race that ran sing such songs as the above one, has much to- 
hope for, and will gi'-o great encouragement to its youths; comfort 
and support to its wronged and outraged, and inspiration to those 
on the firing line whc are engaged in the defense of its people, in 
submitting this pampnle: to the public we have this to say — tha^. 
we have hardly left •:: single line in it without giving it what we 
thought an ('iiieudan:»n. "Vain hopes, vain aims, inordinate de- 
sires," are things the race should avoid at all times. 

T!n' aiitiuir <it" lliis rcadald:' and rcnriirkalile little treatise is aJrto 
flic aiitlUM- (II several i;i!iM;rtant and uiliiabic books and p.s.'npiiU'ts 
on the liamilic race. He merely relates recorded fads, and notlfij^ 
ill a laiidaiory suiiit of liis work, \vhe:i lie says that liis {tosition in 
a Hork written and iiub'lsiied by liim in liM).'), <-ont:ii:iint>: IHi 
l»asres, entitle,!. - Tiie iiamitie Orijiin of the .Vncient (ireeks, ( ret;iii-^ 
and ail the < eltir H;u'<'s." Iras been reAicwed and accented as briM'jr 
audienlic by liie editor of "The Hilslia," a scientitio nwisazinc, o' 
O'tober, 1!>((.'>, an oi'lU-ia! <»r!2an of the Anliirotddo^ical, Etiuuilog'l- 
^•al \n'haeolonical, Historical, (ieosjrapltical and Exoavatinsr fSo- 
cicty of Kiirone. Ti is oraaiii :ation is the largest and greatest 
ill scii'nlitic acliievements and excavations on this irlobe. 

President Taft has measured or guaged himself by this re 
markable speech of his on the Hamitic race problem, and the 
great and very responsible duty the American people owe this 
wronged and outraged race. 

If the President has. without the slightest amount of mental 
reservation, thrown his whole soul into every sentence of this 
most timely address — and it seems that he did; if by it he intends 
1o arouse or awaken the lethargic, sleepy or only a partly 
conscientious sense of duty this great nation owes this race; and 
if by it he sincerely means the uplift of the whole nation but mnsi 
especially those who are weak, poor, needy, helpless, and brutili/.- 
ed, then we can and do honestly say that his great speech is 
immensely valuable, timely, and promises a magnificent harvest 
of the rarest fruit for tlie highest and best good of all parties 
directly or indirectly concerned. 

This great speech, like the clouds in the heavens, the storage- 
battery of that subtle, energizing substance, electricity, has cer- 
tainly animated the writer, and has suggested to him manv 
essential discussions that will be of importance to the American 
people. 

It is now impossible for the President, without great stultiPi- 
cation of himself, to change his remarkable and soul-stirring speech 
on a most unique and momentus question, one upon which t!ie 
destiny cf tliis entire nation rests. The perfect and satisfactory 
adjustment of the civil, political, and social rights of ten millions 
of Hamitic people wlio are conscious of their giowth and unpar- 
alleled achievements in the midst of another race that is prejudiced 
to them; and who manifest the same by unniLMited proscriptions 



of every serf, is indeed a great iiroblem. and yet. it ran and must 
be solved by this great nation. 

The rule by which President Taft in this speech has measured 
himself en the Hamitic raie question in the I'nited States must 
stand for all it says, and as the nation's chief executive, he has 
morally, at least, pledged the whole country by it, until the full 
and complete accomplishment ot the same is obtained, and en- 
joyed by the hapiiy recipients, and no less so by the donators. 
These impoitam truths are self-evident, and must eloquently appeal 
to the sense of justice in all lovers of a square deal. 

As a race President Taft, in this most n-markable address has 
intentionally or otherwise, we know not which, committed himself 
to us. as chami)ioning our cause against many relentless foes, as 
perhaps, Providentially, President Lincoln did when he eman- 
cipated the slaves, .January 1st, 1863. We cannot believe, nor 
even imagine, that cur Chief Executive of this mighty, intelligent, 
an<i most wealtliy of nations will be less than his word. In the 
midst of our burning ambition to rise as a race, let us abide our 
time. 

We have divided this laudable address into twenty-two para- 
graphs, for the reason that the full force and effect of this speech 
■may be read as found in the text, and not in sections or parts as 
we comment en each sentence. The speech is too noble to allow 
anything the writer might do to mar its intended and beautiful 
and lasting results. It is no more than fair that we do this, since 
it is justice to the President, advantageous to the readers thereof, 
and quite satisfactory to the writer of this little treatise. 

AUTHOR. 



To Mrs. Laura L. Haijne, my aXUctionate 
and devoted ivife, luhose value to me is beyond 
my power to estimate: to lit. Be v. Bishop Henry 
McNeil Turner, D. D. LL. /)., D- (\ L.\ to the 
Haiti it ic Bace, and to President William H. 
Taft, the author of the great speech on the 
JIamitic Bace Question, and the duty of the 
American People to that Race, this little colume 
is respectfully and faithfully dedicated. 

The Author. 



Piesident Taft,the Hamitic Race and 
the American White People. 



We cannot in a more appreciative way, as a race, admire and 
approve of cur President's manly and remarkable speech than 
what follows in this treatise. 

Brooklyn Union Says >Of>ioos arc rontrilmlinu: to Nation's Stronprth 

Anyone who went (o the Tuskegee Institute meeting in Car- 
negie Hall last night, antl anyone who reads the reports of this 
meeting with a sympathetic imagination, must be conscious that 
one of the greatest works of civilization anywhere in the world is 
now^ going on at this Alabama InKtitution and is spreading from 
it as a center. The change in the Negro race in two generations 
since liberation is no less; striking than the change in white sen- 
timent North and South, regarding the Negro, as a direct result 
of what has been done, net for the Negro, but by the Negro. Dr. 
"Washington's journeys in the past two years through INIississippi, 
Tennessee. Soutli Carolina and Virginia were marked by a deep 
interest I'nd appreciation on the part of leading white people. In 
the North the romantic tVtling towards the ex-slave has been re- 
placed by a substantial desire to help the i)ath of industry. It has 
now become undisputed that the way to apply this help is to help 
Tuskegee. 

Booker Wlashinglon, who holds the modest title of principal of 
this institution with a plant of a million and a quarter dollars, 
an endowment of over a million and a half, and current annual 
expenses of over a quarter of a million, of which the students 
themselves contribute over $40,000 annually in cash, to say noth- 
ing of labor, has wisely adopted the policy of adding each year 
from receipts a certain accretion to the endowment fund. One re- 
cent year was completed free of debt, largely through the gener- 
osity of "three friends in Brooklyn," who would not permit the 
use of their names. The institution can use in direct practical 
benefit all that possibly can be given to it. Dr. Wash- 
ington declares the one test of the institution should 
be the service the men and women he is educating 
are rendering " to the world." It is so, in fact; this is 
not a scheme to helii a black man or woman because he is black 
or because his ancestors were slaves; but it is a highly efficient 
agency for helping the nation and the human race. "Teaching of 



]0 

the dignity of labor and the disgrace of iJleness" is the educaiion 
the piincii)al declares is carried on. 

No vvcnder the ijropert.v owned by colored people in the county 
in which the schocl is situated, has increased nio:e liian six hun- 
dred per cent, since it was founded. Xo wonder the governing 
classes cf that and the surrounding counties have given over to 
<olored people iiained at the Institute the management of the 
colored .schcols. riiany of which are in buildings erected largely 
thiough the help of the late H. H. Rogers, but largely also by the 
colored boys themselves. Xo wonder the State of Alabama gives 
some financial aid to the school, when it Is noted that its exten- 
sion work reaches and helps some 100,000 people, and that che 
graduates are supei vising over one hundred farms in the county 
alone. 

Amid all the somewhat moibid talk about the "race problem"' it 
must not be overlooked that an immense number of the colored 
race are in these ways k moving themselves from the field of 
any problem whatever and are instead contributing actually ;o 
the strength of the nation. 

Every average member of the race today owes it to himself, to 
his peoi)le as an inforn;ant, posting the youths of his race every- 
where touching the wonderful achievements of this people in an- 
( lent times, and comparing our great progress in forty-seven years 
with that of other people, whose chances hav? been and are su- 
perior to ours today. 

We really do not believe that any man who can. and does not 
keep his race thoroughly informed in matters of this kind, is a 
true leader and teacher of it. Just think of the work of the ene- 
mies of the race, who are trying to burn the idea of the inferiority 
of this ])eopIe into the minds of the white and black youths of the 
country! Is it not enough to arouse all love's of the race into 
the spirit of race pride and a manly defense? 

We appeal to you, both eld and young men and women, to give 
all diligence to the careful study of our position, conditions and 
the probable outcome of the crisis now upon uh. Ir is plainly to 
be seen that our troubles no longer arise merely because of our 
criinjiiiility as a race, nor because our peoi)le are shiftless, luif- 
a'lu^, iioii-projfressive, iniiintrul, has no capacity for industrial or 
the higher education — their civil and iiolitical rights, under the 
Constitution of the United State.s are, it seemf:. the bane of the 
whole matter. 

We caution wise and manly council in all o' our deliberations 
looking forward to an amicable adjustment tf these entangled 
political affairs. Remember, rhat it is exasperation that leads to 
rash acts, and the enemi. • of the race are trying to excite that 
passion, and thereby fo.i - a bloody race riot. 

We appeal to the former master-class and the descendants 
thereof in this country, to remember, that the'-e i.s no greater in- 



11 

trrate in the world t!iaii an unirnitofiil man. Tho owner of a do^ or a 
horse is exceedingly gratefnl lo either one or l)oth of these ani- 
mals, exactly in proporticu to the value of. and the cheerfulness 
in which the service was accomplished by one or both. But is it 
so, only in sham words, with the master and former ^:lave? We 
grant that there are some isolated cases, but. what about the great 
masses? For 244 years the progenitors of those nronured and out- 
raged people were pationt, faitiifiil and true "von to a fault, and 
yet will their persecutors continue to oppress these iunooont, loyal 
people simply because of their black color? Remember, gentle- 
men, that the day of retributive justice will come with a vengeance. 

We appeal to the old veterans of the United States Civil War, 
whose bitter experience in this matter can never be turned aside 
nor forgotten. Without even an attempt to wave "the bloody 
shirt," we would ask. are not the same old igsues uiron the nation 
again; and as we see that, one by one, certain steps are taken 
in certain sections of the country, that are intended to over- 
throw, not only the Constitution of this nation, but even the war 
measures as well that have long since been established! Can or 
will the old soldiers who have been scarred in battle stand for such 
a defacing of their work by the hands of their vanquished foes? It" 
their voices are not heard thundering against *he actions of these 
enemies, it is because they have lost courage, or have been de- 
feated even in their victory, or they are indifferent. 

We appeal to the abolitionists and their descendants, whose 
pen and press aroused this nation into a defense of a laudable 
cause, when human slavery in this country was denounced in un- 
measured terms by them, and finally crushed. Where are the de- 
scendants of those great men and women who battled for human 
freedom and rights? Has the cause of their illa.strious parent been 
a failure, or have the sons and -daughters lost interest in a great 
work, which will not cease until the civil and political rights of 
the oppressed of every race in this land are granted? The great 
work is as much on their hands today as it was sixty or seventy 
years ago, for the former foes and their descendants are hard at 
work trying to undo that that cost the nation so much blood and 
treasure. 

Oh! When shall we find these noble traits of character in ail 
our Presidents, Governors, Senators, Representatives aud Judpes — 
a most laudable example, lofty expression and the beautiful firm- 
cess that was manifested by King George III in a certain case. 

The very moment men or rulers, of Avhatcver party, of such 
sterling characteristics come into power, the iace issue will melt 
away, and law and order will reign supreme. "Mj" Lord," said his 
Majesty, "I am one of tliose wlio respect an onth. I have suflieient 
firmness to quit my throne, :ind retire to my house, or niaee my 
nfek on a block, if ray people require it: hut I have not resolution 



1<» break tliat oath >>lii(li I t(M»k in the most solcimi mamur at luy 
coronation." 

We appeal to the Republican party that ii' now in supreme 
power in the land, to call a halt upon the bold actions of violators 
of the Constitution of the United Stales. Remember that the suc- 
cess and perpetuation of any nation depends upon the conditions 
of internal peace and genuine harmony among all of its citizens. 
The ten millions of Hamitic people are in a state somewhat of 
unrest, arising fiom unjust diseriniinatittus in certain sections of 
this country. No fast developing people anywhere on earth wiil 
stand always for, nor submit continually to. liuniiliatiu!^ treatment, 
and not reseilt it. The Republican party has the opportunity of 
its political life today if it will only measure up to its full and 
plain duty, no more ncr less. All this race that has been true to 
the party asks is an honest, fair autl square deal, uo more .lud no 
less. Remember God's eyes are upon it, and He will have ju£tic3 
done to all alike. 

Let the white people of this gi'eat country be aware and re- 
member the proverb of the Romans, and heed it, before it is ver- 
ified in their case. Quos Duos vult perdere prlus demeut;il. 
Whom God will destroy He gives up to madness. 

I'JJAYl-K. 

But what availeth inadequate wcrds to reach. 

The innermost of Truth? Who shall essay, 
Blinded and weak, to point and lead the way. 
Or solve the mystery in familiar speech? 
Yet if it be that something not thy own. 

Some shadow of the thought to which our schemes. 

Creeds, cult and ritual are at best but dreams, 
Is even to thy unworthiness made kncwn, 
Thou mayst not hide what yet thou shouldst not dare 

To utter lightly, lest on lips of thine 

The real seem false, the beauty undivine. 
So, weighing duty in the scale of prayer, 
Give what seems given thee. It may piove a seed 
Of gocdiiOi-H dropped in fallow grounds of need. 

— .lohn Greenleaf Whittier. 

President W. H. Taft, the Judge, the statesman, the diplomat, 
the humane citizen, the moralist, anil the Christian, has spoken, 
and his sentiments are those of two-lhirds or more of the Amer- 
ican people, and for that matter, the civilized world, and it speaks 
for itself — it is published in connection with the author's appeal 
to hjm; and we' all now indulge the great hope that he will end 
this beautiful, laudable aiid heaven-born work the eloquent way 
he has started it — in the interest of the whole nation. 

Speech follows: 



Mr. Taft's Speech. 



"We have ten millions of negroes in the United States, and of 
that ten millions, I suppose nine millions live in the Southern 
States. Now, if you read the Congressional Record — I remember 
one distinguished Senator wanted to compel the public to read it — 
but there is a great deal that is very useful and learned in it — 
there is a great deal you can sympathize with in it, a great deal 
of much truth and a great deal of humor. That is, it awakens youi' 
humor, sometimes in sympathy and sometimes at it. 

"Now if you study the Congressional Record you will see that 
there are some statesmen that say that it is impossible for the 
p.egro and the white race to live together. That the solution is 
beyond the hope of human effort. Well, the ten millions are here^ 
and what are you going to do about it? 

"There are some who propose that we should move them bodily 
out of the country; they do not say where, they do not say how, 
and they do not say when, but out of the country they are to go. 
And when there is an attempt to move five hundred of them out 
of the state in which it is said their relations to the whites are 
most inharmonious, you have a riot the minute you propose to 
move them, on the part of and by the very men with whom they 
cannot live. 

"It seems to me that that is the reductio ad absurdum with 
reference to a suggestion that expatriation is a solution of this 
question. The solemn, scientific statement of a man that the races 
cannot live together, even though it appear in the Congressional 
Record, ought not to occupy our minds for a moment, because 
they are living together, and they have lived together for over a 
hundred years. Now, the question is whether we or they, or all 
of us together, can make that living together better for both races. 
It is a problem that is set before us, and it does not help us to 
say that you cannot work it cut, because we have got to work it 
out. 

"A race feeling, a race prejudice, is a fact. And the man who 
does not recognize it is just exactly as illogical as the man who 
says that ten millions of peoples now in the country cannot live 
with the other seventy millions that are here, when they are living 
here. It is a race.. feeling, and you cannot dispose of it by sayin.g 
that it ought not to exist. It does exist, and that is part of the 
problem. 

"Now, how are you going to wipe it out to the extent of making 



14 

ii so that it shall not i)roduce injustice and a lack of harnicny be- 
tween the races? Well, I think ycu are going to work it out. I 
believe in my heart that you are going to work it out by making 
it to the advantage and profit of both races to see that it is not 
to the advantage of either to allow that race feeling to continu.:- 
between them to the extent of making it difficult for them to live 
together. 

Education the Solution. 

"The negro is absolutely essential to the development of the 
South. His labor the South needs, and the more you instruct that 
labor, the more valuable he becomes to the South. Hence it is 
that the work of the Hampton Institute has its intense imiwrtance. 
■It is the solution of the race question. I do not believe, and I do 
not think most men believe, in too many crutches for people that 
are trying to learn to walk, but if you furnish them just enough 
education to know how to use their minds and their hands and 
their legs in productive occupations, and you give them the in- 
strument by which they can help themselves, and then if they are 
a race that has the spirit to help themselves the future is before 
them and the opportunity is theirs, 

"Now, I do not profess to know as much about the negro ques 
lion as those gentlemen who have spoken before me, but I hav-' 
given a great deal of attention to the matter. I have studied th.; 
statistics of the growth of the race, 1 have studied the amount of 
j)roperty that the race has accumulated, the reduction in the per 
centage of illiteracy, the amounts of the products brought forth 
under the hand of the negro laborer and the negro farmer in the 
South, and 1 say that no unprejudiced person can read these sta- 
tistics without marvelling that the negro race has made the progress 
that it has made in the last fifty years under the burdens and ob- 
stacles that it has had to meet. 

"They show self-initiation; they show self-help. Why. a race 
that produces a Booker Washington in a century ought to feel 
confident that it can do miracles in time. 

"I have been South recently. Now there were a number ot' 
things that were brought home to me with more emphasis on ac- 
count of my visit than they ever had been before." 

Spirit of InitJution. 

l^Ir. Taft related a visit to the Shiloh Orphanage to show the 
si)irit of initiation and the spirit of anxiety to do something for 
themselves. He told of meeting Robert Ogden and workers in the 
Hampton Institute, the Atlanta institution, and continued: 

"I rejoice to find that that work had the sympathy of the South- 
ern people of education, or refinement and common sense. It Is 
very difficult to speak in parliamentary language of the advocacy 
•of the doctrine that we ought to keep the negroes in ignorance. I 



think the statement refutes itself and it does not awaken the sym- 
pathy of the intelligent South. 

"One of the difficulties in the South is that it is not the negroes 
only that need education, and I mean that literally. 'I'lic number 
of ignorant among the whites is enough to call properly for the 
attention of all citizens to reduce the illiteracy and increase by 
industrial and other education their ability to be good citizens in 
the community. 

• "Now. we sometimes get information and aid from sources 
that we would hardly expect. 1 think the history of the improve- 
ment of the Civil Service of England is tluit it came by way of 
India, and the history of ths improvement in practical education in 
this country, in industrial education, is that it came through Hamn- 
ton, through General Armstrong, in teaching the colored students 
and the Indians, and that now we all over the North and the South 
are profiting by the lessons that he taught in that institution. 

"Greneral Armstrong was a great man, and the generation will 
rise to call him blessed. He taught the secret that will solve the 
race question in the South. The truth is that the success of 
Hampton and of Tuskegee is doing great good for the ignorant 
Southern white children. 

Room ill South For All. 

"I think it will help the South to have immigration. I believe 
in competition in labor as in everything else, and we have found 
on the Isthmus of Panama that our West India negroes work .i 
great deal better and do a great deal more satisfactory work now 
that w^e have Introduced Gallapagoeans, Spaniards, Italians and 
Greeks. And I do not think it would hurt at all. There is room 
enough in the South for all of them. The resources of the South 
are only scratched, and if they go there it will help the negro. 

"I think it is pretty hard to appeal always to a New York au- 
dience and a Boston audience for charitable contribution. I think 
the West ought to pay for part of this work that is done for the 
benefit of the whole country, and I hope that meetings of this 
kind may be held in Cincinnati and Chicago and other places, and 
that such pictures as we have had tonight may be presented to 
those audiences in order to make them be generous and just. 

"It is true that the ancestors of the negroes of today were 
brought here against their will. They are Americans, and they are 
entitled to our aid and sympathy. This is the only country and the 
only home they know. Ours is the only flag they can live under, 
and it is a flag they have shown themselves willing to die for. 

One of th«' (ireat l'r(»l(Icms. 

"Now, the great aid — the men who are able to assist more than 
we can, even though we contribute our money — is the Southern 
•white man, and as it is to his profiit, and as he grows more intelli- 



16 

gent to see what the good of this country is, he will certainly see 
that it is to his advantage to have the negro increase in intelli- 
gence, in providence and in industry. I don't see why we may not 
reasonably take courage and believe that the elements are there in 
the South together, to worli out this jiroblem and to uplift this 
race to a material and to a spiritual plane that will insure its 
happiness. 

"Now, I know, and no man can think of the humiliation and 
the agony of spirit that the negroes have to suffer in their struggle 
tipward, when they encounter the race feeling and the injustices 
to which it leads, but it may help them, I hope it will, to give them 
stronger character, and there is a future before them that if they 
overcome these obstacles is well worth the effort. 

"Personally, I think it is one of the great problems that we 
have before us in this country. I believe in the ultimate justice of 
all the American people. I believe also in their good sense, and 
when a policy involves justice and good sense I think the Ameri- 
can people can be trusted to reach that policy and to carry it on 
to its ultimate conclusion. 

"Now, one of the things that a man who hasn't any money i? 
able to do is to advise the man who has it what to do with it. I 
know that, changing the situation somewhat, a man who has not 
to appoint a Cabinet certainly knows how to appoint it, for I have 
had a great deal of advice on that subject. But 1 do think that 
there is nothing that offers such an opportunity for the wealthy 
men of this country who have money andj;lo not know what to do 
with it as the cause of negro industrial education in the South. 

"I agree with the last speaker that it does not speak well for 
the intelligence of those who have had money to distribute that 
Hampton is now seeking two millions of dollars as an endowment, 
and that Tuskegee needs as much more, when both institutions have 
demonstrated their usefulness and have shown that they offer the 
<inly remedy for the solution of one of the greatest questions that 
has ever presented itself to the American people." 



This comprehensive, philosophical, and didactic address of the 
President on the Hamitic race question does not only read a^ 
though it is a romance of a beautiful story of some lofty histor- 
ical event, of considerable interest to the Nation; but it sounds or 
partakes, also, of the nature of a profound and exhaustive charge 
of a very learned .Turist, who is well versed in the subtle science 
•of law, when he is charging a jury on the plain and naked facts 
in the case and the laws regulating the same. We commend his 
strong, pleaful argument for the educational uplift and industrial 
development of the youths of the Nation. Read and study every 
word of it because it is gem-like in form, inspiring in thought and 
niost beautifully humane in diction. 

There are three sentences in this first parasrrapli. The first 



deals with the ten millions of liamitic people in the United States. 
Does any one think it is an easy task to handle this great maso 
ci human beings, who are very rapidly becoming exceedingly con- 
scious, jealous and zealous of their value as educated, skilled and 
industrial laborers, and their great importance as American citi- 
zens and as splendid political factors to the body of politics? 

It requires only master minds, men well versed in the science 
ot good government, men who are safe and sound guardians of lib- 
erty and human rights, and men who are not preujdiced to adjust 
these affairs aright. The great question today with the average 
men and women of the ten millions of this race is can, or will, 
the Taft administration live up to wiiat is pledged in this and 
other speeches? If so, as a people we cannot, nor do we expect 
an> more, but rest most assuredly like other citizens of this great 
Republic of ours, nothing else will satisfy us. 

In the second and third sentences our President calls attention 
to what are sometimes published in the Congressional Record. 
Be this to the shame of their authors. 

The second paratrniph of this speech is composed of three sen- 
tences, also. The President directs the reader's thoughts to the 
unreasonableness of the position of those statesmen who believe 
it is impossible for the races to live together. In the second sen- 
tence the same statesmen (?) hold that "the solution is beyond 
the hope of human effort." But their illogical and weak argu- 
Djents, however, melt like wax before a hot fire, by the logical 
and unanswerable question of the President in the last sentence. 
*'Tlie ten millions," he says, "are here," and it is a grave question 
that the wisest philosophers of this or any succeeding ages cannot 
say what will be their final outcome. If the important question, 
"what are you gointf to do about it," is certainly without a reason- 
able and satisfactory reply or explanation now, then surely, with 
out a doubt, it will be more difficult to answer fifty years hence. 
And herein is truly a case where the invention has come to plague 
tho inventors. The Scions of the North may suggest many plans 
by which this veritable plague that hangs over the Nation like an 
appalling cloud might be gotten rid of; the Lyoursuses of the East 
might lend their voices and some untried new scheme to help re- 
lieve the strained situation; the old or new Deinostheneses of the 
South might discuss themselves hoarse on race inferiority, and in 
any other old way; and Plato of the West might stand supinely 
by and watch the rising and the conflicting elements as they rage 
in battle, but we still demand an answer, if there is one, to this 
great question. 

There is an answer, but it is not with man; God has it, and in 
His own time and way He will give it in one of His most sublime 
Providential exhibitions, through a future Moses of this long 
wronged and outraged race. 

We are reminded at this stage of our comments that we are 



IS 

in the midst of tJie strong eddy tides of a great argument; but 
\V'i are thankful that we are not far frcni the conflu9nce of those 
streams of statesmenlike speeches, ijolitical sagacity, wise and 
eloquent discussions that emenate from the judicial mind of our 
President and men of his kind and character who have and are 
now so heautifully guiding this Greatest of Republics through a 
most dangerous and awful crisis. There never was a time in the 
history of this great Nation when it needed, because of the gravity 
of the occasion, wiser, better, more eloquent and humane states- 
men than now. Fiffniies in the science of political economy, 
statecraft, in Cnngiess, the presidency, the cabinet and the judi- 
ciary are but liroeders and fomciiters cf more trouble in one hour 
than cur sji)lendidly equipped army and formidable navy can settle 
in three or more years. 

Think of the vastness and wealth of th::: country! Its varied 
industries, the conflicting business interests of the citizens of th^ 
North, East, South and West, the entangled and critical affairs of 
our foreign possessions, and of the awful gravity of our relations 
to foreign powers that are jealous of the great aoliievenients of 
this Nation. And without further discussion we are able to con- 
clude what kind and character of statesmen we need now and ever 
in the future for leadership. 

Ciice more are the Barteiiiuses of State legislatures and the 
sycophant Congressmen and Senators of the United States, who hint 
expatriation of the Hamitic people of this country, blinded by the 
pride of elation, to the enormity of the question Presdient Taft 
has both timely and wisely asked the Nation? 

Do not let anybody fool himself! For the liamitic race is well 
up on this question that concerns its future, weal or woe. in thi,> 
country, since as a great and handy race it is conscious of its 
rapidly developing achievements in all things that constitute a 
great race, such as all authentic records of ancient times claim 
for its illustrious ancestors. 

It is said when Robert Bruce of Scotland was in great danger 
of being captured by King Edward of England, a friend who was 
deeply interested in his welfare, not being able to slip to him 
even a letter of information touching the secret plans of the King, 
sent him by a servant a pair of spurs, which Bruce immediately 
discovered as a symbolical suggestion, and by it ho thus escaped his 
ruin. As a race, we are under lasting obligations to our President 
for his very timely note of warning in tliis speech that means so 
much to the .Vinorican i)eo|>Ie, but even much more to the Hamitic 
race at this time and its inai^nlticeiit future. Heroic and strong i^ 
that friend who will volunteer his individual, iirivate and official 
service to a weak, helpless, needy and struggling race as ours is: 
hated and despised because of the color of its skin and the texture 
of its hair — signatures by which Cod has signed and sealed this 
race with, and such as it cannot by any means change, remedy or 



19 



a\'>oi(i. Hiu. while all this is so, there are visages amongst the 
race that stigniaiizes the Hariiitie pecijle without cause or i>rovoca- 
tion. upon which "tha hand of Heaven has so stamped the mark of 
^vickednesri that it were impiety not to give it credit." 

We come now to the third paratrraph of this excellent spo'ech, 
which contains only two sentences, but they are prankful of im- 
mense information, and they do certainly excite our admiration 
with no little degree of pleasure. 

The first sentence brings to our notice the confused enemy, 
and his worse confused ideas of expatriation of a race upon whom 
the entire agricultural and industrial labor and great interest in 
the South depends. In the second sentence of this paragraph our 
President discloses a remarkable state of facts, which the writer 
knew to have e.\isted in the State of South Carolina not very many 
years ago, when he resided in the unique "Old City by the Sea," 
Charleston. S. C., his nativity. The causes of the bitter antithises, 
and the strong divPrpenoies on the part of the Pharaohs of this 
section on this question is at once marked and very significant. 
Politically, they dreaded the votes of the rising Hamitic race and 
their frugality in industry, since these two things, when combined., 
become invincible forces and would most likely end or result in 
ownership of the soil, and the rulers in cities, counties and Stati; 
governments, while expatriation stands for ruin and destruction of 
the South, the natural garden spot of the United States. It is at 
This time and place that the reader's attention is directed to some 
very interesting statements and facts concerning this race and 
their intiinsic value to the South, to the contrary notwithstanciing. 
They simply verify the above statements on the expatriation of the 



race. 



Have the would-be expat riators of this race called to mind 
that out of the 12,000,000 bales of cotton raised in this country 
about two years ago, that 85 per cent, of them are the products 
of the labor of this despised race; and as a people they are aware 
of that as a fact? Do they not know that in this single industry 
that the race knows that 85 per cent, of the enormous wealth of 
about two billions of dollars arises from the sale of the raw and 
manufactured materials which' are due to the labor of its brawny 
arms, horny hands, hardy bodies and willing minds; and that more 
than two-thirds of this immense fortune go to enrich and benefit 
the South? It is hardly i>ossible that the would-be exilers of Ilami- 
lic laborers know that these very faithful and unstriklnp toilers 
make work for many millions of people in this and foreign coun- 
tries. It is hard to estimate the immense amount cf good this 
single industry alone accomplishes for humanity in the entire 
civilized world. Blinded by a great rancorous spirit and with 
prejudice must be that people who would seek to expatriate a raco 
for the sake of political advantages and thereby wreck a prosperous 
business, choke the great channel of wealth, destroy the peace 



20 

and happiness of a fast developing race, and beget for themselves 
an unonvijililc name, a band of exilers, contiscatcrs and inaraurters. 

Of our President little less than this remarkable speech of his thai 
the Nation looked for. was expected, he being a noble descendant 
rf the Puritans, the original settlers in New England, a people in 
whom every fibre of their thought was thoroughly imbued with 
riiritanisni. But what of the empty boasts of those who claim they 
are the descendants cf the lloundhfads, and the Cavaliers? Do 
they consider the doctrine of expatriation cr exile the principle of 
chivalry? We can hardly believe them guilty of such a flagrant 
piece of injustice to an innocent people who have been their true 
and tried friends for nearly three hundred years; and yet, their 
speeches and strenuous efforts prove them guyty of this most 
fearful crime thdt has for its sole object the. confiscation of prop- 
erty. A friendly and timely advice, when taken in time and util- 
ised as directed, may 'result in great good to the receiver thereof. 
We fail to discover anything but the best for all parties concerned 
in this very logical advice given to the Southern white people by 
the editor of The Philadelphia North American. 

To the writer it seems that this advice is in direct line with 
the noble speech of the President; it is a common sense position, 
and it sounds like the language of a humane brother. It does not 
in any way partake of that unchristian sentiment that bears as h 
most poisonous fruit, the idea and spirit of expatriation which means 
in the end exile, the sole object of which is the confiscation of the 
property of the expatriated or the exiled. 

The President's position is well defined on expatriation in his 
great speech, but it is also intended to include and effect other 
atrocities, wrongs and ouli-ages this race is subjected to in certain 
sections of. this great country. 

With these abuses removed, universal peace and harmony will 
come to the country everywhere, and these ten millions of Amer- 
ican citizens will continue to help render every section of this A'ast 
country a garden, until every swamp will have been redeemed 
from miasma, by our iron energies of body, corresponding with 
our energies of mind, which have already assisted for 291 years, 
to fell the forests, dig canals, purify the climate, and till the s6il; 
and still our tide of conquests in these and other fields of labor 
will roll on to the goal of our final success, if we are only 
given a man's cha'nce in the common walks of life, and our equal 
rights before the law. 

Throughout the whole realm of nature, we know that attach- 
ment is the reward of attachment. And is it not a wise policy, in 
ourirelation to'this nation ami it to us and the civilized- world aro- );d 
us to avoid these wrongs and outrages that produce disintegraiiou!;. 
and thus give rise to the odium that must necessarily arise against 
the Nation 'for permitting such glaring injustice without a power- 



21 

ful effort on the part of every branch of this great Government to 
put a stop to them? 

While we i)Ossess memory — in the extremity of our weakness — 
in the midst of apparent indifference — under all of our reverses, 
ard many and too frequent calamities of life, at the hands of our 
bitterest ;oes — we shall enjoy one source of pride and great con- 
solation — we have never deserted the flag, nor proved false wher- 
<?ver duty called, when the nation needed heroes — and may that day 
perish by abortion in the womb of eternity before its light dawns 
upon it, if we should ever lack devotedness to the cause of liberty — 
the constitution and this union. May such amiable characters of 
this great giant race never be wanting in talent, and usefulness 
in all parts of this great country of ours, until our people shall 
render the Southland both the natural and artificial garden-spot 
of this nation. Now is the exact time to check the great evil we 
so bitterly complain of. before, if we have not already reach-ed t^iat 
condition of society that Burke describes when he says: 

"When society is in the last stage of depravity — when all par- 
ties are alike corrupt, and alike wicked and unjustifiable in their 
measures and objects, a good man may content himself with stand- 
ing neuter, a sad and disheartened spectator of the conflict be- 
tween the rival vices." 

W'e all know, if we know anything at all. that the way the 
Black I\Ian has been treated in certain parts of this country, is 
rot in keeping with the letter nor the spirit of the Declaration of 
Indei)endence, nor the Constitution of the Nation, which he so 
faithfully helped to secure and to perpetuate by his labor and 
life's blood. 

Those who delight in lynching, white or black, for any cause 
at all can learn a very important and valuable lesson from the 
timely remarks of Mr. Burke, when he eloquently combined hi?! 
genius wit!i his humanitarian spirit in behalf of the guilty, and 
said: 

Justice and mercy iiino not oi>i»ositc interests as ])eo]>le aro 
apt to imaifiiU'. 1 have ever oltserxMl,*' he continues, "that the 
cxcoiition of (iiic man fixes t!ie attention and excites awe: the exe- 
cution 01 MiultitiHles di^^ipates and >\eakeiis tlie eii'eet : nsen reason 
tlienisehcs into (iisaiiprobation and disirnst; tln-y compute niore 
as tliey fee! less: and every severe aet >vhieli does not appear toi 
lie necessary is sure to he <»iiensive." 

Who can look upon mob violence anywhere and in whatever 
form it exists and fail to see the very, fervent outburst and heated 
blood that have always and in all ages produced anarchy in its 
worst form, and eventually will overthrow the government itself? 

Let the reader contemplate these wise words of Chancellor 
^Harper in his defense of hunum slavery more than fifty years ago 
which we turn to our profit: — 

"Anarchy is not so much the absence of government, as the 



22 

■gove ■ iinient of the worst — not aristocracy, but kakistocracy — a state 
nf things, which to the honor of our nature, has seldom obtained 
aniougst men. and which perhaps was only fully exemplified dar- 
ing the worst times of the French revolution, when that horrid hell 
J>ur.st with its most lurid flame. In such a state of things, to b^^ 
at-eiised is to be condemned: to protect the innocent is to h'i 
SuilTy.; jmd what perhaps is the worst effect, even men of better 
^Kiti.re, to whom their own deeds are abhorrent, are goaded on 
?by iterror to be forward and emulous in deeds of guilt and violence. 
The scenes of lawless violence which have been acted in some pcr- 
tiorus of our country, rare and restricted as they have been, have 
donj- more to tarnish its reputation than a thousand libels. They 
l>avf done move to discredit, and if anything could, to endanger, 
jaot only our domestic, but our republican institutions ****** 
^Men can never be pprniancntly and effectually disgraced but by 
■themselves, and rarely endangered but by their own injudicious. 
Tonduct giving advan:tage to the enemy." 

As a race, we know our rights, we know the men who are 
-,*earlily inclined to grant them to us, and while we have no raem- 
:l>er of it in the Nation's Congress, we are in possession of cominoTi 
sense soaae little acquired ability and a fervent spirit and deter- 
mir.^liioBi to be heard by petitions after petitions, and ceaseless 
-agitations, until we are satisfied that all that is coming to us are 
>fully enjoyed by us. 

)\e would all see a great change in the South, in the increase 
of great wealth, unbounded industry and colossal prosrx^rity in 
creiy walk of life, peace and harmony from one end of that land 
to t!ie other, if the master class would read, study and put into 
piattice the very timely, valuable suggestions of the editor of tbe 
T^hTadolphia North American in a very thoughtful, wise, practical 
and logical editorial of April 20th. 1907, as follows: — 

^ Thp Southern »^o. 

"The traditional interest of the Quaker in the negro found im 
i.resKive and creditable expression, a day or two ago, in the gift of 
Jl,OOO,000 by Miss Anna T. .Teanes. a Philadelphia member of the 
Society of Friends, to the cause of negro education in the South 
V/itli wise discernment of the special need of the black race in that 
<inaiU-v, the giver of the money proposes that it shall be devoted 
t* tlie f ;<^meiitary rather than to the higher schools. What the mass 
of the negroes need is to deal with the beginning of learning. 

'This handsome gift may serve to direct attention again to the 
▼en' serious nature of the problems presented by the existence of 
rasi multitudes of black people in the Southern States. The ne- 
^eroes are there in millions, not by their own choice and no* t>y 
t.\p action of the living white men. They are immovably presen*. 
■jSi.- iiroje^it of deportation is possible, and, were deiwrtation pos- 
•-5ibU, it wonld not be advisable. 



'Moreover, most unwisely, in the opinion of many judifiou» 
perscns. they have bten clothed with rights of citizenship wiiich 
can never be withdrawn. The black man is in the South as a sub- 
3l;iat'.al permanent fact, and. somehow or other, in greater d< gree 
oi- less, he is going to count in politics. 

"The Southern people think that Northern men do not appre- 
ciate the difficulties develoi)ed by the presence of this stupeniious 
mass of people of an alien race, and do not properly sympalhize 
\\ ith the South in its wish to discover wiie method--- of derUiiig 
witli ihe matter. 

"On the contrary, this splendid gift from a Northern woman, 
the ether large and long-continued contributions of money ^ro'n 
the North to the same cause, and the great work done in that bo- 
haif by many Northern men, prove that the interest of the people 
of this section in the subject is strong. 

"There is a feeling here, however, ihat the Southern ix-ople 
!>erhaps permit their prejudices, their strange and ai)parentl> un- 
warrantable dread of social ecpiality, and also their habit of re- 
Karding the negro with di.sdain. to obscure their vision of )>vacti- 
cal possibilities. 

"The solid truth, plainly percei)tible to the cutside observtr, is 
ilu.t the negro population of the South is an asset of immense 
value that is not properly utilized. A human being actually cap 
able of pioducing wealth is the best possession, from a p;irety 
malei-ial standpoint, of any community. The South has 8,0(t0,000 
or 10,000,000 such persons, few of whom fulfill their best function. 

"Even as things are. with the blacks untrained and half worth- 
less, their withdrawal suddenly from the South would i)aralyy.e 
tl>e industries of that region. But hundreds of thousands of ne-groeN 
d;t next to nothing. Other swarms do far less than they m>ght do, 
and the best of them, with few exceptions, are less efficient than 
t!^o best negro workmen in the North. 

"Obviously, the need is that this raw mat;erial shall be trained 
?nd disciplined into an effective working force. The very first step 
toward tliat end is to supply the blacks with at least the rudiraenrs 
ol education. 

The kind of education that is required is. cf course, industriaj, 
ciiucation. But before a boy can be taught to be a good mechanic 
or a good farmer he must learn to read and write and cipher. 
Having got that far, he can be put at handiwork for which intel- 
ligence is required. Under such conditions the men among them, 
like Booker Washington, who have power to do highei- things, may 
be left to push their own way toward such things. 

"No fair man will urge that the Southern whites have aitually 
neglected their duty to the blacks. Really they have done much 
to establish negro schools, and their effoits have been handsomely 
supplemented by tho.?e of Northern pl.ilanrhroi>i.= ts. But. even 
conceding that ihe South is straightened in such work by i)overty. 



24 

it is rot unjust to assert that the development of the blac'k laborer 
has noi been promoted as strenuously as was necessary. 

"There might be really some gain if the Southern whites would 
agree to put aside politital considerations and race feeling and 
regard the black man solely as available energy fcr industrial pur- 
poses. If it be worth while to develop fine breeds of horses and 
to train them thoroughly, or if it be important to transform thft 
mil .h cow from a half-wild br-ast into a great producer, how much 
mor^ profitable would it be to increase enormously the industrial 
ofTiriency of millions of human toilers! The negro workman in thrf 
Xo) th is usually not only an efficient man, but a tractable man. 
Out of all the material in the South there must be much that could 
be .1.0 taught as to increase largely its wealth producing capacity. 
To the Northern man who considers the situation in the South 
there appears to be reason for believing that the Southern white 
man has not, in particular, improved his opportunity. 

'"Sheep husbandry, for example, is almost unknown in the 
South. But sheep are scarce, and wool is a dear commodity; while 
along the Southern Atlantic coast there is poor and idle land upon 
■which countless millions of sheep would thrive, and there are 
armies of idle negroes who could be taught to care for them. 

"What would the Northern men do if they had within reach 
these great hosts of docile human beings with strong arms and 
willingness to toil? Is it rash to guess that long ago the capital- 
ists of this region would have found method for utilizing this ma- 
terial land for drfU'ing the blacks in< o the work of producing wealth. 

"The solution of the grave negro problem in the South assured- 
ly lies along industrial lines. No other plan of dealing with it suc- 
cessfully can even be imagined. And the very first movement in 
that direction is to try to race out of blind, blank illiteracy into 
the sphere of intelligenre. 

"A man whose mind is closed and whose hours are spent in 
idleness and hoi>eless poverty must offer a menace to any commun- 
ity that is afflicted by his presence. Such men. in countless multi- 
tude, curse the South at this moment. And yet every such man 
positi^ely has within him the capacity for effective service if the 
right training be given bim. 

"He will never raise himself. The social ban is upon him. He 
is a pariah, and he feels the fact continually. The flame of hope 
must be kindled in his soul. He must be helped by superior people 
to take the first steps upward. He must be shown how he may 
Tisp his powers for better conditions for hinitelf and for the 
people among w-hom he lives. 

"The noble gift of Miss Jeanes is a recognition of the nature 
of the promise for both whites and blacks that is offered by the 
introduction of the elements of learning to the mind of the negro, 
dreat as the gift is, it is but a minute fraction of all the money 
that will be required to lift the race out of its low estate. 



"Tlie task is stupendous, but the beginnings have been i/iade, 
and, under fair conditions, the work can be expanded until Iherv^ 
shall be disiinctly perceptible unlitt of tlie I'ace. But. it' progress 
is to bo made under encouraging circuni.-tances, there must bo 
sympathy and co-operation from the Southern while people. 

"The duty is theirs, and ilie profit is to accrue to them. Forty 
years hence, if negro education shall be strongly promoted, the 
Southern black man, instead of presenting a formidable problem 
to the nations, should rank among the most important of the con- 
tributors to its well-being." 

No one can imagine what Cod ha^-- awaiting the Hamitic people 
in this country if they only continue to trust and serve Him. 
Seek, find and use knowledge of the most useful kind: continie in 
the most industrious walks of life; be strictly honest, and make 
virtue or morality its motto, and its exalted place in the future 
history of America is at once found and fixed. The spl< ndid 
donation of $1,000,000 to be used in the Southern rural school 
districts for the education of Hamitic children, is indeed one of 
the best and most timely gifts ever made in the educational in- 
terest of this race. The appreciation of the race for the dcnor. 
Mies Anna Jeanes, can be faintly expressed even in most choice 
language; while in deeds of great usefulness, moral purity, indus- 
trial habits of life, great intellectual advancement in mind an^i 
soul power, end Christianity — these happy results of this donation, 
the race will sing in poetry the praise of this noble woman, and in 
eloquent prose, speak of her Christian benevolence, in ages to 
come." 

rarnuTiipli four has in it frur sentences in which the discus- 
sion of I'xinttriatioii, by our President, is laconically cantinuerl; Lho 
possibility of the races dwelling together is proven; and the duty 
'of both races to make a strenuous effort to adjust our affairs so 
we can get on harmoniously is i)ointed out. He has also railed 
our attention to a fact in cinphalic language, when in the last rt^n- 
tence he says: "It is a proldein that is set l)j'f«r«» us. and it does 
not lielj) us to say tliat you oann(»t ntirk i( out, because we !?avP 
got to work it out/' 

This great "problein" of and for wliicli we as a race art' not 
in tho least responsible, and as the rresideiit says, "we have got 
to work it out," is an awful blot on the Nation's past record, and 
it will remain so as long as it is unsolved by it. Wliile as a race 
we are willing and are doing everything possible to help solve it. 
there are men of the other race doing and saying all manner of 
things to complicate and defeat every laudable effort to adjust 
these entangled affairs that will give satisfactiou to all pnrties 
concerred. 

As seen as there apiiears a disposition, without any mental 
reservation on the part of ihe white people, to a "square deal" in 
this matter, tlie "i)roblem" is solved immediate-ly. If this "proMpni'* 



26 

L> to 1)6 solved on the ground of unreasonable sacrifices of man- 
hood and citizenship cr human rights, it will never be done: for 
intelligent and liberty-loving citizens are not built on that order, 
and those who think otherwise have simply deceived themselves. 

The gravity of this case calls for arguments to meet, and. ii 
Cjossible to vanquish every sophisical statement made by our 
enemies and thereby sustain cur President in his laudable cause. 

It is no longer a question what this race has accomplished by 
the genius of its great men and women of giant intellect and in- 
domitable will power. No one who knows its great and wonderful 
records for i)rowess is ashamed of it. We appeal to those who are 
about to become mothers and fathers to charge their minds with 
every noble deed and lofty perception of virtue, the highest and 
best ideal of manhood and womanhocd, that the same may be 
trinsmitted to their descendants, who will rise in the succeeding 
geneiJ-tions and call ihem blessed. We appeal to the young men 
and women ts ri?e uj>. init away foolishness, aim to accomiilish 
&om,.Hbing laudable and imperishable, that can be handed down 
to iitiborn generations as a legacy and monument to their useful 
life while on earth. We aiip?al to the dominant race to deal more 
justly wit*i this race, for God will visit it with great rods of afflic- 
tion if it does not. and that. too. at a time when it expects ;t not, 
and cause its great national i)owcr to be broken, and its immense 
weal'fi will then be given to another. The innocent blood of this 
race that has been shed must at some time and in some way be ac- 
counted for to the God of the universe, who says "thou shalt not 
kill" No skillful army brave general, invincible soldiers, formid- 
able navies, nor the most powerful engines of war. can avail a.iy- 
thinf? with God. when His wrath is kindled against a nation or a 
race. We point you to Russia, once a nation that defied all Eu- 
rope, and almost the world. Is not this a great lesson to al! na- 
tiOHa cf modern times? We certainly think so. whatever may be 
the. contrary opinion. :\lay God help the American people to see 
the!" impending doom, and change their attitude toward the poor, 
weak, wronged and outraged innocent people, and thereby avert 
thei'.- approaching destruction. .\s the .lews went into Egypt, by 
Divide Providence, it was their first national move of a few fam- 
ilies of severity s(,uls. Gen. xlvi. They were not conscious that in 
that bread hi::it. caused by famine, the seed of their future great- 
ness as a raip and a nation was planted, and out of which would 
arise a Moses. Aaron. Joshua. Samuel, David and Solomon; and the 
great prophets and great men of Israel. 

The i!)>or-niUiijr rnnidciico of iioA in the Infrodnction of .Vmerican 

SlHvorj. 

No one foresaw the outcome of the planting of Hamitic slaves 
on tUt Western Tontinent. nor was the great future of this race 
of oiMs adumbrated, when the first cargo of Hamitic slaves landed 



at Jamestown. Va., 1010. Tlie cosi. however, of the perpatirtion 
of slavery in this country was immense. Think of the national 
strife it engendered; the alienation it caused between friend-; and 
friends, relatives and relatives, communities and coraniun'ties, 
states and states, sections and sections. Think of the vast an>ount 
of real estate and i)er.:onal property de-itroyed on its account: -xjn- 
teniplate, if you can. the hundreds of billions of dollars use-.l in 
both the defence and for its destruction; estimate in any svay 
l)Ossible the loss of blood; the sacrifice of limbs and liv< s it 
brouslit to the belligerents; read cf the desolations it ha.s crs-jsecl, 
of the long, fierce and terrible war left in its wake; but out of it 
all has come a united N'aticn in a greater state of prosp-^^rity. 
peace, happiness and great wealth; and above all. the Harnitic 
slave that was, is now a freeman with equal rig'its before the law, 
and in a state of prosperity, peace, happiness and a high state of 
development, in the industrial, intellectual, educational, moral and 
spiritual domains. Who is it thai does not discern in all of rhis^ 
God's hand in history? Is it possible for us as a race to attnbuie 
these mighty revolutions and their splendid outcome in the inf crest 
of this race to any other power or cause than that of God's? After 
two hundred and foity-four years in American slavery here we 
are, Israel-like, preparing to strike the nations of the earth with 
awe, because of our unparalleled progress made within our forty- 
seven years of freedom, and the use and enjoyment of the highest 
civilization of this age. Already are seen scintilating on our fn- 
Mirt; hb:izcn the X'mrods. Misraims. Phuts nnd f'anaans. cn-eat 
chieftains of a mighty race, though wronged and outraged even in 
this great age of civilization by a Christian nation. 

For the benefit of tha woukl-be «'x]iatriat<trs or exilers, and to 
aid our President in his manly fighi in the interest of the nnllft 
of this race, we have introduced a part of the eloquent remains of 
Prof. Franz Bcaz to be read and studied. 

The address of this great scholar before the graduating class 
of '9tj is of so much importance in its make-up, and since it is in 
direct line and in kreping with the position we have taken every- 
where by conversations, addresses, talk:?, lectures and sern:ons 
we deem it wise and very timely to (luote it in part for the b< nefit 
of all who may read it. but more especially our own peoitlc 

Few white men of this age, saturated as many of them are 
with American caste prejudice, would .'^peak as Dr. Boaz h.-,3 in 
this splendid excerpt below. 

'T have accepted with pleasure the invitation to address you on 
this day. because I believe that the broad outlook over the dev'lop- 
ment of mankind which the study cf the races of man gives f i us, 
is often helpful to an understanding of our own everyday i rob- 
lems. and make cleai to us our capacity as well a^ our du;/. I 
shall speak to you from the standpoint of the anfhrnpnlogiyt, of 



2S 

one who has devoted his life to the study of the muliifarious forcis 
of culture as found in different races. 

'Modern life makes certain definite demands ui)on us and re- 
quires certain qualities of character. In judging the work of men, 
it is, however, well to remember that there have been cultures dif- 
ferent from ours and that the qualities that are today dominant 
and njost highly esteemed, and the possession of which makes a 
person a most useful member of society have not always had the 
same value: and may at a later period be superseded by others 
not so highly valued now. In early ages brute force was one of the 
highest qualities of man. Sagacity counted little. At the present 
time energetic self-assertion counts for most, while in the age of 
early Christianity humility Avon the highest praise. Such differ- 
ences in the valuation of our activities are also found at the pres- 
ent time in countries that have developed untouched by the influ- 
ence of modern civilization. 

"This is to be your future. The more clearly you recognize 
the tasks it involves, the better you will be fitted to fill your place 
in tlie life of the nation. 

"The fundamental requirement for useful activity on your part 
is a clear insight into the capabilities of your own race. If you 
did accept the view that the present weakness of the American 
Negro, his uncontrolled emotions, his lack of en(>rgy. are racially 
inheront, your work would still be a noble one. You, the more 
fortunate members of your race, would give your life to a great 
charitable work, to supiiort the unsteady gait of your weak brother 
who is too feeble to walk by himself. But you have the full right 
to view your labor in an entirely different light. The achievements 
of races are not only what they have done during the short span 
of two thousand years, when with rapidly increasing numbers the 
total amount of mental work accumulated at an ever Increasing 
rate. * * * * =-^ * But back of this period lies the time when man- 
kind struggled with the elements, when every small advance that 
seems to us now insignificant was an achievement of the highest 
order, as great as the discovery of steam power or of electricity, 
if no: greater. It may well be, that these early inventions were 
made hardly consciously, certainly not by deliberate effort, yet 
every one of them represents a giant's stride forward in iho de- 
velopment of human culture. To these early advances, the Negro 
race has contributed its liberal share. While much of the history 
of early invention is shrouded in darkness, it seems likely that 
at a time when the European was still satisfied with rmle stone 
tools, the African had invented or adopted the art of smelting iron. 
"Consider for a moment what this invention has meant for the 
advance of the human race. As long as the hanmier. knife, saw, 
drill, the snad= and Ih"^ ho?^ had to be chipped cm of stoim, or had 
%o be made of shell or hard wood, effective industrial work was not 
impossible, but difTicult. A great progress was made when copper 



29 

found in large nuggets was hanimere:! out into tosls and later on 
shaped by melting, and when bronze was introduced; but the true 
advancement of industrial life did not begin until the hard irjn 
was discovered. It seems not unlikely that the people that made 
the marvelous discovery of reducing iron ores by smelting were the 
African Negroes. Neither ancient Europe, nor ancient western 
Asia, nor ancient China knew the iron, and everything points to 
its introduction from Africa. At the time of the great African dis- 
coveries, towards the end of the past century, the trade of tne 
blacksmith was found all over Africa, from north to south and from 
east to west. With his simple bellows and a charcoal fire he re- 
duce;! the ore that is found in many parts of the continent and 
forged implements cf great usefulness and beauty. 

"Du3 to native invention is also the extended early African 
agriciilture. each village being surrounded by its garden patches 
and fields in which millet is grown. Domesticated animals were 
also kept; in the agricultural regions chickens and pigs, while in 
the arid parts of the country where agriculture is not possible, 
large herds of cattle were raised. It is also important to note 
that the cattle were milked, an art which in early times was con- 
fined to Africa, Europe and northern Asia, while even now it has 
not been acquired by the Chinese. 

"The occurrence of these arts of life points to an early and 
energetic development of African culture. 

"Even if we refrain from speculating on the earliest times, 
conceding that it is difficult to prove the exact locality where so 
important an invention was made as that of smelting iron, or where 
the African millet was first cultivated, or where chickens and cattle 
were domesticated, the evidence of African ethnology is such that 
it should inspire you with the hope of leading your race from 
achievement to achievement. Shall I remind you of the power of 
military organization exhibited by the Zulu, whose kings and whose 
armies swept southeastern Africa? Shall I remind you of the 
local chiefs, who by dint of diplomacy, bravery and wisdom united 
the scattered tribes of wide areas into flourishing kingdoms, of the 
intricate form of government necessary for holding together the 
heterogeneous tribes? 

"If you wish to understand the possibilities of the African un- 
der the stimulus of a foreign culture, you may look towards the 
Soudan, the region south of the Sahara, ^\^len we first learn aboul 
these countries by the rei>orts of the great Arab traveller, then 
Batuta, who lived in the 14th century, we hear the old Negro king- 
doms were early conquered by the Mohammedans. Under the 
guidance of the Arabs, but later by their own initiative, the Negio 
tribes of these countries organized kingdoms which lived for many 
centuries. They founded flourishing towns in which at annual 
fairs thousands and thousands of people assembled. Mosques and 
other public buildings were erected and the execution of the laws 



30 

was entrusted to judges. The history of the kingdom was recorded 
by officers and kept in archives. So well organized were these 
States that about 1850. when they were for the first lime visited 
by a white man. the remains of thesa archives were still found 
in existence, notwithstanding all the political upheavals of a pa'A- 
lenium and notwithstanding the ravages of the slave trade. 

"1 might also speak to you of the great markets that are found 
throughout Africa, at which commodities were exchanged or sold 
for nj.tive money. I may perhaps remind you of the system dT 
judicial procedure, of prosecution and defense, which had early 
developed in Africa, and whose formal development was a great 
achievement nothwithstanding its gruesome application in the pe:*- 
secuticn of witchcraft. Nothing, perhaps, is more encouraging 
than a glimpse of the artistic industiy of native Africa. I regret 
that we have no place in this country where the beauty and dainti- 
ness of African work can be shown; but a walk through the Af- 
rican museums cf Paris, London and Berlin is a revelation. L 
wish you could see the scepters of African kings, carved of hard 
wood and representing artistic forms; or the dainty basketry made 
by tho people of the Congo river and of the region near the great 
lakes of the Nile, or the grass mats with thoir beautiful patterns. 
Even more worthy of our admiration is the w'ork of the black- 
smith, \vho manufactures symmetrical lance head? almost a yard 
long, rr axes inlaid with copper and decorated with filigree Let 
me also mention in passing the bronze castings of Benin en the 
west toast of Africa, which, although perhaps due to Portuguese 
influences, have so far excelled in technique any European work 
that they are even now almost inimitable. In short, wherever you 
look, you find a thrifty people, full of energy, capable of forming 
large States. You find men of great energy and ambition who hold 
sway over their fellows by the weight of their personality. Thai 
this culture has, at the same time, the instability and other signs 
of weakness of primitive culture, goes without saying. 

'"To you, however, this picture of native Africa will inspire 
strength, for all the alleged faults of your race that you have to 
conquer here are certainly not prominent there. In place of in- 
dolence ycu find thrift and ingenuity, and application to occupa- 
tions that require not only industry, but also inventiveness and 
a high degree of technical skill, and the surplus energy of the 
people does not spend itself in emotional excesses only. 

"If, therefore, it is claimed that your race is doomed to economic 
inferiority, you may confidently look to the home of your ances- 
ors and say that you have set out to recover for the colored people 
the strength that was their own before they set foot on the shores 
of this continent. You may say that ycu go to work with bright 
hoi>es, and that you will not be discouraged by the slowness of 
your progress; for you have to recover not only what has been 
lost in transplanting the Negro race from its native soil to this 



31 

continent, tut you must reacli highor levels than your ancestors 
had ever attained. 

"To those who stoutly maintain a material inferiority of the 
Negro race, and who would dampen your ardor by their claims, 
you may confidently rei)ly that the burden cf proof rests with 
them, tliat the past history of your race does not sustain their 
statement, but rather gives you encouragement. The physical in- 
leriority of the Negro race, if it exists at all is insignificant when 
compared to the wide range cf individual variability in each race. 
There is no anatomical evidence available that would sustain the 
view that the bulk cf the Negio race could net become as useful 
citizens as the members of any other race. That there may be 
slightly different hereditary traits seems plausible, but it is en- 
tirely arbitrary to assume that those of the Negro, because par- 
haps slightly difTerent, must he of an inferior type. 

"The arguments for inferiority drawn from the history of 
civilization aie also weak. At the time when the early kingdom 
of Babylonia flourished the same disparaging remarks that are now 
made regarding the Negro might have been made regarding the 
ancesrors of th? ancient Romans. They were then a barbarous 
horde that had never made any contribution to the advance of that 
civilization that was confined to parts of Asia, and still they were 
destined to develop a culture which has become the foundation 
and an integral part of our own. Even later the barbarous hordes 
of northern Europe, who at the time of the ancient Romans were 
tribal groups without cultural achievements, have beccme the most 
advanced nations of our days. 

"Thus, impartial scientific discussion tells you to take up your 
work among your race with undaunted courage. Success will 
crown your endeavors if your work is carried on patiently, quietly 
and consistently." 

Para^raplis one and two; the former contains four sentences, 
Avhich treat of "a race feelini,', aud a race prejudice ;" and the lat- 
ter contains three sentences, and they describe the amicable way 
in which "race feelintr and race prejudice" might be transformed 
into a state of brotherly endearment, a condition that all good 
citizens of this nation regret dees not now exist, and are working 
assiduously to that important end. 

There is no greater evil which affects this Great Nation today 
more than that of race feeling and prejudice. These twin evils are 
the bane of all our race conflicts; they are inhumane masters; they 
produce envy, which ends in murder by lynching or otherwise. 
These twin enemies began their deadly work in Eden's beautiful 
garden by the overthrow of Adam and Eve; they caused the death 
of righteous Able: and they drowned the Old World with a great 
flood of water. They are the chief causes of war. and the sources 
of injustice. They destroy every beautiful characteristic and sen- 
timent of the human soul by their deadly poison and dry rot. 



32 

These twin enemies rule man's race from pole to pole, and 
they are among the chief weapons of his Satanic Majesty. These 
twin evil principles defy and challenge the laws of every nation, 
and the work of all Christian denominaticns therein. They have 
carried down to ruin all the fallen kingdoms, ciiipiros and repub- 
lics of ancient, mediaeval and modern times, and they now threaten 
all nations with their destruction. The trumpet call in this great 
speech of our President, to do something to relieve the situation, 
is a wise stroke of a far-reaching policy. There is nothing he has 
said since he has become President in any of his State papers 
or Messages that ranks above this document, for it strikes at th^ 
very root of the trouble that this Nation must ere long meet face 
to face. They are growing monsters that will not surrender with- 
out many hard-fought battles. The Nation may be too busy with 
other affairs just now to give much attention, consideration, and 
the due amount of ai)preciation to the President for this eloquent, 
wise and timely speech, but the time will surely come when every 
tongue, lip and voice in this country will chant in beautiful strains 
of music his well deserved praise for it. 

If the white people who are so prejudiced against this race 
knew of the greatness and achievements of our ancestors, as we 
have endeavored to show or prove in another part of this treatise, 
it does not seem that "race feelintr and race prejudice" would be 
half as great as we find them. There are millions of them who are 
not only ignorant of the wonderful and unparalleled achievements 
of our ancestors, but they are actually wit'icut knowledge or be- 
lief concerning Ham, the ancestral head of the race, and his re- 
markable sons and their immediate descendants. Gen. x. 

We find it quite essential at this stage of out comments to 
quote very elaborately from a recent work of the author some 
stubborn historical facts of much value. Let th3 lights be turned 
on, that those who are inclined to give justice in a "square deal" 
can do so without too much embarrassment. It is no mors than 
right, indeed it i^as become a great duty upon our part, to discuss 
ourselves in the light of ancient and modern history as we are 
discussed by others who are not of this race, and who know as 
little about us, except as slaves out of recent bondage. 

People >Ylio Think Thoy Know Uut .Vre Isrnorant <tl" the Hitmitic 

Itace. 

How few the people, white or black, who know anything about 
the ancestry of the Hamitic race, and they have heard so many 
revolting stories against the negro that he is scarcely regarded as 
a human being possessing an immortal soul, endowed with moral 
sentiments, and a mind with all the faculties common to man. 
They are ignorant of a very important fact which it is time for 
both races to know more about it, and that is. the Hamitic branch 
of fhe human family is the largest on the globe today. As we 



33 

will endeavor to show in tliis important treatise, we repeat the 
I'act here again, the term "nt^gro race" ought to \w changpd to 
Hamitic race. The logic ot this statement, when tnlly and thor- 
oughlj' understood, will cause a careful and an important .study 
and investigaticn of both terms, and the latter will be found more 
in keeping with the science of ethnology than that of the former, 
as shown in another work of the author. This latter term will 
cover every branch of the Hamitic people, of whatever complexion 
of skin or texture of hair or physiognomy on the globe. By the 
term "negro race"' we exclude many people who are really de- 
scendants of 11am. which ought not to be so. We have a case in 
point which we now submit in the excerpt below, and who will 
(luestion the facts as they are? .Mr. Dubois says: 

"You must not forget Alexander Dumas, Toussaint I'Overture, 
Ira Aldrige or Frederick Douglass. You have in many white 
men the negro element making their genius wonderful, a fact which 
was as true of Robert Browning and Alexander Hamilton as it 
was of Lew Wallace and a great many other Americans who may 
wish to have it forgotten." 

This is a term distasteful to many pecple who are identified 
with the race, and who would gladly i)roclaim themselves Ham- 
ites but net negroes, according to the accepted term and its real 
significations. 

Every day as time rolls on the ancient glory of the Hamitic 
I>eople is brought to light more and mere by the very people who 
say that the black man has no glorious history of the past, when 
as a matter of historical fad, nine-tenths of the men and women 
of renown in hoary antiquity were descendants of Ham. an J nobody 
knows that better than the scholarly white anthroiiologists, eth- 
nologists, archaeologists and historians of today, and they dare 
not deny it. 

We are inclined to the belief that our President is well in- 
formed on the facts pertaining to the many and recent discoveries 
of the ancient acliievenif^nts of the Hamitic race, made liublic, by 
the arcIiaeolo;;ists and liistoriaiis of this century; hence, his most 
remarkable educational plea in behalf of its d^sceijdants in Amer- 
ica at this time. .-.-f • , ,1 .^i .. 

Xo great thinker and scholar, like President Taft, and other 
'white men and women. North and South, would think of wasting 
time, energy, labor and millions of dollars on a worthless, shiftless 
and an incapacitated race, out of whom nothing can be made. 

"The mania for digging ui> Egyptian Kings and Queens has 
been rewarded lately by a great find in the excavations of Luxor 
conducted by .James Dennis, cf Baltimore. Not only fragments 
of Mentuhotep I. of XI. dynasty of Egypt have been found, but 
a number of models of sacred boats, wooden statuettes, a gilded 
sandal of the King, and parts of chairs and thrones which, con- 
sidering their forty-six centuries of burial, were in a fair state 



34 

of preservation. Not quite the same care was taken in rendering 
this tomb air tight for .Mentuhotep as for those for succeeding mon- 
archs, but enough has been obtained to show that the King's tem- 
ple tomb is older by a thousand years than any monument hitherto 
found on the site of ancient Thebes. These discoveries make the 
desire of British antiquaries to unearth the buried city of C-orstopi- 
tum as a mild performance. Corstopitum at the time Hadrian was 
amushig himself building walls was the most imposing town in 
the north of England, full of piety and learning. It is believed 
many trophies of its great past yet lie under the soil, though valu- 
able articles have risen already by accident to the surface tj re- 
joice the antiquarian heart. But why not set to work and exca 
vato? Lord Avebury is said to be determined to raise the needed 
funds. 

If what Professor Karl Pearson says be true, then we are 
satisfied that another thing is equally true, and that is. the dif- 
ferent varieties of complexions in the human race are not per- 
manent, since they do continually undergo a cliange exactly 'u 
])ropotion to the various causes that produce them. Now, an- 
other thing of importance is proven by these constant chan,L'e-j of 
hi'man features, complexions, and texture of hair, and tha4. is, 
that the race of man, never mind how wliUe or black, or whai the 
intermediate complexions are, sprang from one parental stock — 
Adam and Eve. So why all this nonsense about "the ne.i^ro or 
Hamite is black because he is cursed, and therefore he belongs to 
r,n inferior race"? 

There is no better time and opportunity than now for the race 
to begin this kind of work, since it is in its formative period — 
when it is laying its basis for its intellectual, educational, indus- 
trial, moral and religious structures and great developments, in the 
future. We are greatly encouraged when from undisputed and 
authentic records, we are able to present the names of such a 
gaJaxy of illustrious men and women of the race whose acbieve- 
ments are imperishablp monuments. That some men and women 
have made and are makiuf very strenuous efforts to get aw.i/ 
from one of the greatest races on this globe, because of its fiery 
ordeal, is not manly nor womanly, neither is it heroic. It must be. 
then, because they are ignorant of the glorious things their an- 
cestors have done, and of the fact that they gave civilization, art, 
sciente, and literature to the world or the rest of mankind. 

Hail' — llio Alices trail Head. 

We will now turn cur attention to Ham. the ancestral head of 
the race. The name of this son is very significant and suggestive, 
and of the names of Noah's three sons none is more conspicuous in 
Bible, ancient, mediaeval and modern hi.^tory than that of Ham's. 
According to the most ancient records found in Gen. vi:10. Ham 
was the son of Noah, and he seems to have been the most favored 



35 

loyal child of Xoah's;- family, judging froin what is said cf him in 
Cen. ix:25. It is thought, believed and said that this son settlcc 
in Africa, this land of gipat possibilitifs which gives rise to much 
commercial exciteni'iit tl;al tends toward a tremendous crisis, 
hence the term the lunl of Ham, Ps. Ixxviii : .j1 ; cv:23; cvi.:22. 

It is very hard to ccnvince even the average man or w^man of 
this race that Ham's rrmc "is identified with" the term ".lupiter- 
Ammon." the chief diety cf the ancient Hamites, "and also Zeus," 
the chief god of rhe Greeks. The terms ".Jupiter-Ammon and 
Zetis," it should be remembered, "are derived from a rooi woid 
meaning hot, fervent," nsagnetic, "sunburnt," hence great force and 
strength of body, and wonderful mental capacity, and endurance — 
a tenii>erament common to this great intellectual giant race. 

It is only a question of very short period of time when this race 
will fully develop its knowledge of this wonderful inherent and 
masterful i>ower, and will begin to leain the skilled use of it; 
and when, how and where to apply it— since it possesses great ef- 
fect.s or influence over men. 

Ham's name "is" not only identified v.' h tlie terms ' .lupiter- 
Amiiion and Zeus," but it was by that title that lie was deiliod by 
the ancients generally of his times. 

It seams almost unreasonable, and even ridiculous, for us to 
say that there are white men today who are learned and very in- 
telligent, and yet, like many black men, profoundly ignorant of 
the natural causes that have produced the variegated tint of the 
skin, and the peculiar texture of the hair of the human race. We 
know more than a score of them who firmly beli* ve that the black- 
nesg of the skin and the cri.spness of the Black .Man's hair are due 
to the nnatliunia of Xoah against Ham; when as a matter of his- 
torical fact, no such cur.-e was ever directed against him. Gen. 
ix: 18-28. As long as these views are held by the enemies of the 
race it is impossible to settle the race problem, because they will 
alwajs attemiit to treat the Black Man as a enrsed and. conse- 
quently, an inferior being, for which he will not stand without the 
strongest possible resentment, and cur President intimates as 
much in his speech. 

PlijKios'nomj- and the Probable Canses of the ('ol«ir of the Skin 
and the Texture of the Hair. 

There are few people, white or black, who really come to know 
Oisit the color of the human skin, the texture of the hair, the 
\isage of the face, size or shape or form of the l)()dy, are not oiilv 
ac-cidental, but inconstant, as will be scientifically jjroven by the 
authentic records we shall introduce in the case. It is this great 
ignorance that causes many arrogant expressions on the part of 
people who are woefully afflicted with the disease of eol<»r|»liobia. 
The great influence of amalgamation, immigration, climate, diet. 
■water, altitudes, valley.?, plains, civilization, education, etc., have 



36 

all been steadily at work effecting the cliaiiges or different appear- 
ances in the human race now und°r consideration ever since man- 
kind appeared on our globe, and it is not at all strange that we 
should have so many and such remarkable varieties of human 
beings on the earth. 

The mental, physical, moral and spiritual higher developments 
depend largely upon the kind of treatment each individual family 
or person is given by society or what is found in the social arena 
of a busy life. 

Those who are troubled about the Black Man's place in the hu- 
man family, should first settle this question — is he a man? Since 
h9 is a descendant of Adam and Eve. as we shall learn, then ho 
must be a man, even though his skin is dark or black. 

The standard by which we can measure this wonderful being 
we all call Man, over which there has not, as yet. been raised any 
serious objections, is that submitted by .Air. M. Lesson, published 
in Buffon's Natural History, pp. 137-S. 

"Man," says he, "differs from all other beinas by tlie eminenrly 
social qualities which distinguish him by ))cwer of thinking, he 
raises himself to the divinity from which he emanates; hi.=i mem- 
ory retains facts, and classes and transmits them to othrrs ly 
written signs and s])eech; he manifests a varied ind'islry, which 
l)rotects him from all bodies that might be hurtful to hitii: by 
means of it he also satisfies his wants, and secures iiia comforts 
or his pleasures; man everywhere lives in families, ru1"d by chiefs, 
he establishes laws conformable to his necessities, and designed 
to protect his rights. He subdues animals and l)enil.-5 them to 
obey his will, and breaks up the surface of the earth, and dr.-^w.^ 
his subsistence from it; he has forced vegetables to vary their 
fruits, and to improve their favor; by exchanging the produce of 
his soil, ha i)rocures for himself new resources. Wealth heaps its 
gifts upon him. luxury is introduced, the arts are cultivated, so- 
ciety becomes polished, and manners are softened; hapi)y were he. 
did not war, and its scourges, and death, and sickness, perpetu- 
ally remind liini that the great work of Nature must be accom- 
plished. 

Man is born weak. He' remains at the breast from twelve to 
eighteen months; does not walk alone till neatly his second year; 
lemains a long while feeble; reaches adolescence about the age of 
sixteen, manhcod at thirty, mature age at forty, and old age at 
y^ixty, and then rapidly declines toward the close of his existence. 

Man is a cosmojiolite; that is to say, his organization is fitted 
for all climates. He lives under the equator, and in the temperate 
zones, as well as in the rigorous (limes of the North and South. 
He does not appear, however, to dwell beyond the fifty-fifth degree 
of southern latitude and the sixty-fifth of northern. 

He is polyphagous, or accommodates himself to all kinds of 



nourishment, though he lives chiefly on fruits an:l farinaceous 
grain." 

If th3 Black -Man (and he does) possosse-; all of the above 
qualities, then, we are correct in our proi)0.sition concerning him, 
iis set forth in this pamphlet. The following quotation from Buf- 
fon's Natural Hist:ry, pp. 13P.-r.. will be found quite interesting and 
lull of very valuable information. He says: 

"So intermixed are the inhabitants of .Mexico and New Spain, 
that hardly do we meet two visages of the same color." According 
to the rapid trend of air.algamation going on in the United States 
of America, the trained eye cf an ethnologist dfte.ts the very same 
conditions in our population. "In the town of Mexico, there an^ 
white men from Euroi)e. Indians from the North and from .'.e 
South of .•SimcMica. and Negroes from Africa, etc.. insomuch that 
the color of the i)eople exhibits every different shade which can 
subsist between black and white. The real natives of the country 
are of a very brown olive color, well made, and active; and though 
they have little hair, even upon their eyebrows, yet upon their 
head, their hair is long and very black." 

In surveying the different appearances whiih the human form 
assumes in the different regions of the earth, the most striking 
circumstance is that of color. This circumstance has been atttrib- 
uted to various causes: but experience justifies us in affirming that 
of this the principal cause is the heat of the climate. 

When this heat is excessive, as at Senigal und Gu'upa. the in- 
habitants are entirely black; when it is rather less violent, on the 
eastern coasts of Africa, they are of lighter shade; when it begins 
to be somewhat more temperate, as in Barbary. in India, in Arabia, 
etc.. they are only brown; and in fine when it is altogether tem- 
perate, as im Europe and Asia, they are white; and the varieties 
which are there remarked, proceed solely from those in the mode 
of living. All the Tartais, for example, are tawny, while the Eu- 
ropeans who live in the same latitude are white. Of the difference 
the reason seems to be, the former are always exposd to the air; 
that they have no towns, no fixed habitat ir,n: that t'.iey sleep upon 
the earth, and in every respect live coarsely and savagely. These 
circumstances alone are sufficient to render them less white than 
the Europeans, to whom nothing is wanting which may render life 
comfortable and agreeable. Why are the Chinese whiter than the 
Tartars, whom they leseniLle in all their features? It is because 
they live in towns, because they are civilized, because they are pro- 
vided with every expedience for defending themselves from the 
injury of the weather, to which the Tartars are i)erpetually ex- 
posed. 

When cold becomes extreme, however, it produces same effects 
to those of excessive heat — the Samoyedes, the I>aplanders, the 
Greenlanders, are very tawny and it is even asserted as we have 
already observed, that among the Greenlanders. there are men as 



38 

black as those of Africa. Here we see two extremes meet; violent 
cold and violent heat, produce the same effect upon the skin, be- 
cause these two causes act bj' one quality which they possess in 
common. Dry is this quality; and it is a quality of which intense 
cold is equally productive as intense heat; so by the former, as 
well a.s tjy the latter, the skin may be diied up, altered and re:;- 
dered as tawny as we find it among the Laplanders. Cold com- 
presses, shrivels and produces within a narrow compass, all ih^ 
productions of Nature; and thus it is thai we find the Laplander^, 
who are exposed to all the rigor of the most piercing cold, the most 
diminutive of the human species, the most temperate climate is 
between the degrees of 40 and 50. There we behold the human 
form in its greatest perfection; and there we ought to form our 
ideas of the real and natural color of man. Situated under this 
zone, the civilized countries are Georgia, (Mrcassia, the Ukraine, 
European Turkey, Hungary, South Germany, Italy, Switzerland, 
France and the North of Spain; in all of which the inhabitants are 
the most beautiful and the most shapely in the world. 

/Vs the first, and almost the sole cause of color, we ought 
therefore consider the climate; and though upon the skin the ef- 
fects of nourishment are trifling, when compared with those of the 
air and soil, yet upon the form they are prodigious. Food which, 
is gross, unwholesome or badly prepared, has a strong and a nat- 
ural tendency to produce a degeneracy in human species; uud in 
all countries where the people fare wretchedly, they also look 
wretchedly and are uglier and more deformed than their neighbors. 
Even among ourselves, the inhabitants of country places are less 
handsome than the inhabitants of towns; and I have often re- 
marked that, in one village, where poverty and distress were less 
prevalent than in another village of the vicinity, the people of 
the former were, at the same time, in ihtsou, nioie shapely, and in 
visage leys deformed. 

The air and soil have also great influeiuc, not only on the form 
of men, but on the animals, and of vegetables. Let us, after ex- 
amining the peasants who live on liilly grounds, and those who 
live imbosonx^d in the neighboring valleys, compare them together, 
and we shall find that the former are active, nimble, well-shaped 
and lively; the women commonly handsome; that on the contrary, 
in the latter, in proportion of the air, food and water, are gross, 
the inhal)itants are clumsy and less active and vigorous. 

From every circumstance, therefore, we may obtain a proof, 
that mankind are not composed of species essentially different 
from each otlier, that on the lontrary. there was originally but 
one individual species of men which, after bring multiplied and 
diffused over the whole suiface of the earth, underwent divers 
changes from the Influence of the climate, from the difference of 
food, and of the mode of living, from ei)idemical distempers, as 
als'- from the intermixture, varied ad fnriiiituin, of individuals mors 



39 

or less resembling each otlu-r; that, at first, these alterations were 
less considernhle :ind cr.ntined to indivicUuils; that, afterward, from 
the continufHl action of Wu- abovi' causes becoming more general, 
more sensible and mor" fixed, (hey formed varieties in the species; 
that these varieties have been, and are still, perpetuated from gen- 
eration to generation, in the same manner as certain deformitie.s, 
and certain maladies, pass from parents to their children; and, 
that, in fine, as they would never have ])een (onfirni.d and ren- 
dered permanent but by time, and by the continued action of these 
(atipes. so it is liighly |)robable. that in time they would in the 
>^ame manner gradually disai)pear, or even become different from 
what they at present are if such causes were no longer to subsist, 
or if they were in any material iwint to vary." 

We are quite satisfied that every intelligent reader of the race 
who comes across the above quotation, will beccnie elated over it 
because of its invincible arguments and in cur defense. 

When we are asked if it is possible for the Hamitic race in this 
cauntry to attain the great developments our President and other 
white friends claim foi- it. and are working to give it. our answer 
is found in the beautiful records we .submit for the reader's in- 
spection and profoundest investigations. 

The Hamitic stc.ck of people of whom the Hainites of this 
country are a branch, were forem.-st in ancient civilisation, art, 
science and literature: if so, why should not their descendants 
inherit and emulate this wonderful capacity for great achieve- 
ments? Those who know the race historically, are ever ready to 
admit the facts state.I above and below, except their deep-:-:eated 
prejudice dictates otherwise. 

There is no section of the civilized world where the average 
Hajnite has net fully demonstrated his intellectual ability — natural 
or acquired — to the astonishment of his bitterest foes, and mcst 
sanguine friends. It is the all-important duty of the Black Man 
to know that the true devHopmenI of the human mind, especially 
that of his own race, depends upon the proper use he makes of its 
innate or cognate capacity. The Black .Man's conception and per- 
<'eptive powers are very extraordinary and large. It is upon thes" 
two subtle powers of ".he mind that its expansion of intellect, rela- 
tively, relies wh.^n reasoning with great i)ower. it is in this w.iy 
that knowledge begins to siread like the light of opening day. 

Bible Terms Ucliitinir t<» Ham and His Desceiulaats. 

It is net amiss for us at this stage of our writing to call atten- 
tion to some of the Bible terms as they relate to Ham, his descend- 
ants and their habitat. 

It was known by the terms Kl'.iiopians or Cushites. Anionians or 
Hamites; Babylonians or Chaldeans; Egyptians, Phutites, Liby- 
ans, Moors or .Mauritainians ; t'anaanites. Sidonians, Tyrians or 



40 

Phoenicians, from whom des^cended the ancient Keltae, and the 
C'aithagei:ians. See the authors Enc \ clopeaia, series i. Part 1. 

The term "\«'trro'' does not occur anywhere between the lids. 
of the Bible, and is traceable back through the La(i/i liUiituage to 
the ( (iptic -ongue Nalisi, a root word. tt.und on the tomb of a 
great Egyptian King, Seti I. We cannot under the circumstances, 
devote more time just now to this important question or discus- 
sion, drawn out by I'rosident Taffs speecb. in the interest of race 
development. 

Dr. Brown in his Dictionary of the Bible says, significantly: 
"Ethiopia" means blackness; "Ethiopians," black; "Cush" — Ethio- 
lians — black; "Cushen," "Cushi," "Cuth," "Cuthah" — Ethopia, 
blackness. 

It is a singular fact that every member of the Ilamitic race 
should take particular notice, and that is "that portion of the earth 
which was fir.st i)eopled after Adam and Eve had been created was 
the land of Ethiopia, by the Ethiopians, on th? river Gihon, that 
went our ol" the (Jardtn of Eden, which compasseth the whole land 
(or country) of Ethiopia," 4003 years before Christ. Gen. ii, 13, 
The children of Ethiopia were from Adam to Noah through th>> 
lineage of Seth, Gen. v. If these records prove anything at all. 
they ])oint very strongly to Ethiopia in Africa as man's original 
iiome, or else we must find an Ethioi)ia in Asia. But the text in 
Genesis informs ns in i)ositive language that the "Lord God plante.d 
a Garden eastward in Eden," in which the first liuman pair were 
put; now according to the above expression of the text, then the 
creation of Adam and Eve occurred westward. The word Gihon 
signifies rapid, impetuosity, and the Nile River, cii-cumvenling the 
country of Ethiopia, makes it highly probable tliat the creation of 
man took place in the land of Ham. There are other circum- 
stances that seem to bear out this statement that we liave not the 
time. Ki ace nor disposition to call attention to at this writing. 

"The generations of Ham. the son of Noah, fu Ethiopian, were 
C'us'i .Miyraini, I'liui and ( anaap. (Gen. x, 1; Chap. 1 :22, 2218 years 
before Christ.) 

"They possessed the land from Syria and Amanus. and the 
mountains of I.ebanus and all its seacoast, and as far as the ocean, 
holding it as their own." The Cushites colonized tl)e northern 
I)art of Assyria, on the Araxis, the present Aras or Araxis,' a river 
whicli rises near the Eni)hrales. and falls into the Caspian Sea. 
These i)eople became very numerous, and their descendants con- 
Sititute a laige i)ort;on of the present inhabitants today. The Cuth- 
aliitcs. as they were sometimes called, immigrated nno Samaria, ii 
Kings vxii. 24. See Drs. Calmefs and Biown's Bible Dictionaries. 
These records at this time are of great value to us. We shall 
6i)eak more elaborately about the Cushites at another time. 

The Sabeans and Danaus of Arabia, and the Sabines of Italy 
out of wliich came many of the ancient Romans, descended from 



41 

this same Cushite branch of the human family. The Cuthians that 
settled at C^lichis belong to the same stock. 

.Mi-raim, Ham's second .-on. founded Egypt; lliis country was 
called Mestre. ard its inhabitants Mestreans. Hams third son, 
Phut, posstssed Lybia. and called its inhabitants Phutites. 'In 
the country of the Mcors there is a river of this name." The 
fourth son of Ham, Canaan, whom Ncah attempled to curse, Gsa. 
X, 2B, inhabited the country now known as Palestine, called origin- 
ally Canaan after the son who first settled it. 

The ( ushites. 

One of the first steps towards settling the race problem is to 
regard the Haniitic people as a race endowed witli all the rights 
and privileges common to the human race. 

And this seems to be the aim of President Taffs great speech. 
To contend, or work, for the adjustment of thi« awful entangled 
affair, without a complete acknowledgment of the Black :\Ian's 
rights as a man, and the same are accorded him, is to play with 
fire near a magazine filled with dangerous explosives. Presidenr. 
Taft and other scholarly white men, who are fi-icnds cf the race, 
know that the tint of skin, texture of hair and physiognomy have 
nothing whatever to do with the intellectual, moral and industrial 
habits of a trained people. 

We now call attention to the name of the sons of Cush, who 
were Seba, Habilah, Sabtab. Raamah. Sabtechah and Ximrod. Gen. 
X. The country Sheba or Seba, in Arabia, took its name from the 
eldest son of Cush who settled it, Gen. x, 7: Ps. Lxxii, 10. It is tn 
be remembered that the grandson of Cush was of the name Seba. 
and he also settled in that region. Gen. x. 7. The son of Joktan. 
and the grandson of Abraham, settled in the midst of the former 
settlers. Gen. x, xviii; xxv, 3. 

Upon careful examination it will be found that all of the.se 
people settled together in Arabia, or Abbyssinia. in Africa, and per- 
haps most of them in the southern part of .\rabia and Ethiopia, 
near the Red Sea, and it is from this stock of people came that 
splendid specimen type of humanity called Ethiopians by the an- 
cients, of whom Heroditus says "were the handsomest of men." 
The queen of Sheba, Candice by name, who visited King Solomon 
belonged to the same family of people. 

Havilah (Evilas), was, as we notice, the father of the Evileans, 
who were called also Getute, and inhabited Arabia near the Red 
Sea. Sabtah (Sabathes), this son, was the founder of the Sabath- 
ens, a nation afterwards called by the Greeks, Astaborans. who set- 
tled in Arabia near the Persian Gulf. 

The Sabactens, who descended from Salitechah (Sabaclas), set- 
tled likewise in Arabia, upon the borders of the Red Sea; we find 
the Ragmeans, who descended of Raamah, (Ragmus), settled in 
Ethiopia. 



42 

Real joy comes to us when we read cf Ximrod, the youngest 
son of Cush, that man of destiny, great prowess, genius and leader 
of men, who was an Ethiopian. He founded and •'built Babh% 
Erech and Accad, Calneh. and founded the Babylonian Empire." 
the veiy first kingdom and cities of the East. Bablyon became "his 
capital, in the land of Shinar. or Chaldea. also known as the I^and 
of Ximrod." (Gen. x; .Micah, v. 6.) 

We call attention next to Raaman's two .'•ons. Dedan, frcni 
whom sprang the Danans of classic lore, and .Tiidesas, the founder 
of the Judadeans, a western nation of F:t.hiopians." See Dr. Well's 
Ancient Georgraphy, iv. vols.; Bryan's Ancient Mythologj', vi. 
vols.: :\Iassey's Book of the Beginning, iv vol.s.; Pliny the Elder, 
X vols. 

Mi^iniini and His ncsi-cndenls. 

The sons of Misraim, commonly called Egyptians, were eight 
in number, and they ijossessed thex-ountiy from Ga/a to Egypt, 
and it was called Philistim, after the .-on bearing that name. A 
part of that same country was called Palestine by the Greeks. 

The sons of Misriam were I.udiun, Enemim, Labim, Nedim, 
Pathrosim, Chesloim, Gophthorim and Philistim. 

There may have been a larger number of the sons of Misriam. 
but because of the devastation of a gi'eat Ethiopic Avar, in that early 
age of the world, some of the names seem to have been lost. 

The great achievements of this wonderful people will be 
touched upon constantly in this small ii-eatise. No race ever 
played on this globe a greater part than i!ie Egyptians. They seem 
to have lived for the good of the rest of the human family, because 
their chief ambition was to make all around them happy. 

Canaan and His Descendants. 

We now pass to the naming of the descendants of Canaan, 
after whom were called the Ganaaniies. The Greeks named them 
Phoenicians and Ethiopians. He was .Xoahs grandson and the 
fourth son of Ham. He dwelt in the country now called Judea. 
"The border of the Canaanitcs was from Sidon, as thou comest 
from Gaza unto Gagar; as thou goest unto Sodom and Gonior4h, 
and Admah and Zeboim. even unto Lasha." These were the sons of 
Ganaan, Sidon, Heth, the .lebusite, the Amorite, the Gergashite. 
the Hivite and the Arkite, the Sinite, the Avadite, Zemarite and 
the Hamathite, Gen. x. 

"The Sidonians built Sidon in ilic piovince of Phoenicia." 
The descendants or sons of lleth built the (iiy of Hebron in i:h<> 
land of Cianaan. 

We are informed that Abraham was a great prince among 
them and buried his wife. Sarah, in the lidil of the sons of Heth 
(Gen. xxiii.) Heshbon wa.-, a city of the Amorites. Hamath and 
Ashina. built by the Hanuuliites, border on Tyre and Sidon. Ama- 
thus settled in Amathine, which is even now called Amathe by the 



4:'. 

iritiabitaiils. although the poople of :\Iacedcnia named it Ethiopia, 
.from one of his posterity. Aniathus is the name of a city on the 
Island of Cypru!--. The island of Libanus was possessed by Araieus. 
They settled the t-outhern part of Palestine, and wei'e the first of 
Amalekites and were descended from Anialek, of the family of 
llam; Ihe nations (Numbers xxiv, 20.) 

The Anakines were the offspring of Ham, and were, indeed, a 
very powerful people; they possessed great walled cities. 

The men of Cuth made (or built) Nergal. li Kings, xvii, 30. 

rre.iudice and luriiorant roopk'. 

People who are prejudiced against this race as a result of their 
great ignorance of the greatness of our ancestors, would do well 
to read this excerpt: "The Phoenicians — the Canaanitcs of sacred 
history — were among the most early civilized nations of the earth. 
We, the Christian and civilized people of the present day, are in- 
debted to them for our knowledge of navigation. The fragmeuts ol* 
.Sanclioneatho are the most ancient monuments of writing, after 
the books of :Moses. Greece was indebted to the Phoenicians and 
the Egyptians for the first principles of civilization — the founders 
of that kingdom being the ancient Phoenicians." 

In paragraph seven, our President has called attention to "the 
essential development of the South" by intelligent Negro industry, 
and the great value of industrial education as taught and received 
at Hampton Institute. He holds that it is "the only solution of the 
raee question."' He shows the reasonableness of just enough help 
to draw oui of a people, or race, their highest and best intellectual 
capacities. 

The President's position in this paragraph is magnificently 
supported by well known facts to those who know and will study 
the great developments and prosperity and wealth of the "New 
Soutli" in 1910, as compared with the awful condition.-, distressing 
poverty, and the indiscribable needs and sufferings of "The Old 
South" in ISer.. The views of the editor of The Philadelphia North 
American, stated in another pari of this comment, previously men- 
tioned, agree with our President's doctrines exactly. There exists 
in this Black Mass of human beings, undeveloped, or latent, intel- 
lectual forces that have been cruelly oppressed. But as soon as 
the incandescent light of a liberal education touches them, as it 
most assuredly will, then will the native genius of this race burst 
forth and glow in the firmament of thought and inventions, like a 
million pyrotechnics in the noctural shades of the skies. 

Who can read Dr. Boaz's most eloquent address on the won- 
derful capacity, genius and historical achiovomonts of the Haniitic 
race, that the reader will find in this treatise, and not be convinced 
of the fact that it is only a question of a very short period of time 
when the acme and golden stage of this intellectual giant race will 
be reached? Thus, it seems, as though our President has an 



44 

eye single to just such a magii:Tu ent outcome of the achievement^; 
cf this race. 

If his great speech shows, or stands for. anyihing at all, it is 
self-evidence, in itself, that it does declare for such happy results 
In 'the future. This singular position of President Taft is what 
makes his great speech so remarkable on the Hamitic race ques- 
tion; and yet this great man. who has championed this laudable 
cause, is not in the least degree alone on the right side of the race 
question. 

The author in launching this valuable little treatise for inspec- 
tion, information and {-ractical use was not unmindful of three 
very important points— First, "To what sort this work belongs." 
Second: "Fcr what description of readers it is intended." Third: 
"The specific end or object, which it is to answer." 

The reader of this pamphlet is asked to give as much attention 
to the consideration of its contents as time and labor will permic. 
M^e are hopeful that the information furnished in it will caus-^ 
many to investigate and study the science of antliropolofrj. etbuol- 
oay, archaeoloarj and history, because without which we would b-3 
unable to meet and successfully refute the sophistical and fallacious 
arguments of our foes. 

We are sure that a person with a liberal education, and a 
scientitic turn of mind will not fail to take up the study of these 
four particular branches of science. Each one of these ought to 
be taught in our common schools. 

Humane white men who have studied the race problem in the 
light of recorded facts, and without prejudice, always arrive at 
honest, reasonable and just conclusions touching the great capacity 
of the Hamitic race. 

Congressman Taylor, Jr., of Ohio, in his great speech in 
favcr of tlie Hamitic Exhibition in lOlo. said in part: 

(iroat TroiriTss of Kuve. 

"When you liiink that t!ie education of the Xe^i'o p;act:caliy 
began with the emancipation proclamation, and that the illiteracy 
of the wl ole race may be admitted lo have bet n almost total at 
emancipation, it is a mark of splendid i)rogress to know that at 
the time tlie last census was taken it had been reduced to 44.5 per 
cent. It is undoubtedly much lower at the present time, as is 
shown by the fact that from 1890 to 1 i'Oti it had been reduced from 
57.1 per cent, to 44.5 per cent. In my State of Oiiio, where the 
Negro is educated and gladly takes advantage of the opparlunitifs 
for an education, only 17.9 per cent, were illiterate at the time of 
the last census. There are white countries with centuries of civil- 
ization behind them which can not show any such advancement. 
1 am told that there are 40.000 negro students in colleges, studying 
all branches from trade to scientific and classical courses. More 
than 40,000 have graduated from ih? various secondary institu- 



45 

lioiii:; more than 40,000 from colleges. There a:e 3,000 teachers, 
16,000 clergymen. 4.000 mnsicians, 17,000 physicians and surgeons, 
1.000 lawyers, 300 journalists, 236 artists, 82 bankers and brokers, 
and 52 architects. The race owned in 1904 i)roperty amountinK 
to $1,100.000 000. It operates 47G,71S farms anii owns 187,7'J7 
farms. 

"This is not a bad showing for a race which has had but fifty 
years of freedom, and what a splendid opportunity would be given 
by an exposition of this kind to show the results of all this effort 
in a way that the people of the country will have an oppo'tunity 
for persoiial inspection, \\hat better way to encourage them lo 
fuither effort along the line of good citizenship? In 1900 the ne- 
groes owned farm ijroiierty valued at $200,000,000 almost $300 for 
each Negro family. The auditor of the State of Virginia, in his 
report of 1904, says that the Negro increased the value of his prop- 
erty in one year $154,526, making a value in that year of their total 
property of $10,554,844. 

"We have recognized that the real backbone of our country 
is agriculture. The Negro has recognized this fact. More tha:i 
2,000,000 are engaged in agricultural pursuits. 

"The Negro has not forgotten that religion is a necessary ad- 
junct to good citizenship and they have 200.000 churches, valued 
at many millions of dollars. 1 believe that the people of the North, 
as well as the South, should interest themselves in this great 
work. A commission should be appointed of able and prcminent 
men, the matter should be fully investigated, and 1 firmly belie\c 
that, after a full investigation, there will be recommendation fo ■ 
an exposition which will be of incalculable benefit to the colored 
and the white people of this country. This exposition would tell 
a story of great human interest. It would be the only one of iis 
kind, and would therefore be by its novelty and its laudable pur- 
|)0se the center of attention of all thinking people of this country. 
It would give encouragement to the Negroes of the better class 
it would stir in the breasts of the whites a spirit of rejoicing in a 
success to which they have loaned their efforts. It appeals to prog- 
ress; it appeals to prosperity. It would appeal to any man wh) 
has the best interests of the country at heart, who believes in prn:^- 
ress, prosperity and posterity." 

A very recent article appeared in the Literary Digest, under 
the caption as follows: 

A HOPEFUL VIEW OF OUR NEGRO PROBLEM. 



That there will be no colored question in (he United States in 
twenty years, and that the difficulties of the problem at present 
are aggravated by the ignorance and prejudices of the Southern 
whites is the view of Sir Harry Johnston, an experienced British 
colonial administrator who has studied the black race both in 



46 

Afr;ica anj on this continent. He believes in their capacity as 
^civilized, educated and useful members of a white republic. The 
SoutJieia white people have not sufficiently considered these points, 
hi thinks, and we read in his summary of his investigations in the 
lx)ndon Times: 

■' 'The negro is destined to be nothing but "a hewer of wocmJ and 
a drawer of water' is the parrot-cry that each untraveled, ignor- 
ant white Southern politician utters oratorically and in the press. 
Fortunately, there are many thousand sane, educated, far-sighted 
white men and women in the South who know better. And all 
the time this stale nonsense is being repeated there are negro doc- 
tors, electricians, botanists, agronomists, musicians, poets, preach- 
ers, teachers, lawyers, architects, masons, cabinet-makers, mecha- 
nicians and chemists at work giving the lie to this worn-out p.x- 
pression." 

He points out finally what he considers to lie at the founda- 
tion of all the excited discussion of the negro question, and he tells 
us in plain words: 

"It is the Southern white man and woman who require a better 
education almost more than the negro. The far-reaching, mag- 
nificently modern culture of the Northern and Northeastern Sta'vs 
needs no praise from me; and 1 have no personal experience of 
the West. But, putting aside the fine fleur of intelligence whieh, 
of course, is present in individuals all over the South and Center, 
I must confess I was astonished at the childish ignorance, mani- 
fested both in the press and on the platform, which charaxtertzes 
the Southern and Central States in all matters but those immedi- 
ately concerning the borough or the plantation. And it is a self- 
satisfied ignorance, one that boasts that the affairs of Europe, Asia, 
Africa and Oceania are of no importance to the citizens of America. 
It is this narrow, eminently provincial intellect (often unhappily 
permeating State governments. Federal Congress and Senate) that 
causes all the trouble and exacerbation over the negro question, 
as over any general, far-reaching proposition, and as plans for the 
preservation of forests, the improvement of internal waterways 
and roads, or the intelligent conduct of State, Federal and foreign 
relations. 

■■\\lien the South closes down all stale discussion of (hat inde- 
fensible Civil War and matches the physical beauty and vigor of 
its white population with an equally high mental development, the 
negro problem in the United States will be finally solved and kept, 
in a state of solution — assuming, of course, that the negro likewise 
continues to advance on the lines laid down by the white and 
colored teachers of Tuski gee and Hampton." 

The Times editoriall\ comments on these remarks and says 
that President Roosevelt has taken the right path in regard to the 
issue as a moral one. Tims we read: 

"The optimistic view taken by Sir Harry Johnston of the prog- 



rfss he has noted is h.ij<i)ificaiit when it comes from a man of his 
authority. The difference between the negro in America and his 
brother in Africa may laOl be conspicuous; but it is, at any rate, a 
difference, the existeu'/e of which has not, we believe, been hither- 
to appreciate fully. This consideration, together with evidence that 
the gravest charges brought against the Southern negro are 
sometimes exaggerated and sometimes untrue, offers a basis for 
argument, and someti nes more. If we are to accept the views of 
President Roosevelt ;is an expression of the best opinion in the 
United States, the American people are determined to treat their 
negro fellow citizens not only according to the guidance of history, 
but also according to thi' light of conscience. The negro problem 
can not be narrowed di'Wii into a purely political issue. Like every 
great political issue, it is also a moral issue." 

This writer has conlirnied not only President Roosevelt's view- 
but that of every Englii-hman. declares the London Spectator, in 
which we find the following comment: 

"Sir Harry Johnston, who as administrator and scientific ob- 
server has watched the negro carefully in Africa, tells us that the 
assumption by the Southern States of America that the negro is 
"a hopeless proijositiou' is based on no just evidence of any kind, 
that it is in fact wild piejudice, and that the effect of civilized sur- 
roundings on the American negro is a recognizable improvement 
in the racial type. This type in America has higher moral and in- 
tellectual faculties thnn the original stock to be found in Africi, 
and these might easily be made higher still by humane and reason- 
able treatment. This conclusion is, of course, only in accordanr^ 
with the long-established feelings and beliefs of Englishmen, but 
it is a satisfaction to hive them encouraged and confirmed by so 
competent a witness as Sir Harry Johnston." 

We are grateful to God for every new defense of the race, made 
by our white friends; it only confirms our views or position in the 
matter, and it cannot fa'l to give much encouragement to the cred- 
ulous men and women ot the race. 

In paraj^niph eight can President ha.> put himself on record as 
having studied some ot the achievements of this race which are 
very excellent things to know in this age and under so many pe- 
culiar circumstances. The three sentences in this paragraph speak 
Aolumes for us. Only the men who have wilfully neglected the 
study of the rapidly niadf progress of the Hamitic race within the 
last fifty years in the I i>ited States have pessimistic views of its 
great and unparalleled developments in the future which are so 
loudly and laudably spoken of by our President. Where this thing 
will now end for the highest and best good of cur once wronged 
and outraged people is the question. 

We believe that much good or benefit will come to the race 
as the American white people learn that this race of ours carries 



48 

a very high record and that we. a= a ijeople, aro learning the facts 
in the case. 

Great Hainific .Ven aiul >V(»men of Modern Times. 

The Black .Man as h soldier has no superior. 

The elements nec.^s:-:'r\ to make a soldier are several. 

First: A strong, healthy and active mind and body. 

Second: He must j)Cfe?ess bravery, which is courage, or heroism. 

Third: Fortitude, ttiat strength of mind which enables one ti 
facp danger, or endii.-e severe pain of any kind with calmness. 

The knowledge if the art of war and warfaring. 

To perceive with Ciuickness any opportunity that will affoi d 
foray into the enemy'.j country. 

Henry Diaz possessed all of the above characteristics. 

He knew the courage, fortitude and the agility of his race in 
war. 

His heroic words live today: "Are these the brave companions 
of Henry Diaz?" 

How many meml)ers of the race today know that Brazil was 
captured by Hamitic ticops under their own commander from the 
Dutch after eight yea'-s' hard fighting? 

Do many members of the race know of the circumstances und"i- 
which the fortress V'inco Pontas. near Pernambuco. was captured 
by this Hamitic genius frcm the Dutch? 

It is our desire i'o:- ycu to hear the words of this great hero: 
"Then tomorrow at 'sunrise you shall see the Portuguese flag wave 
on the tower of Ciiii-o I'oiitas,*' said he 

The greatness of the man shows itself in his self-control, for 
h" made no reply wiien the general under whom he was said: "It Is 
a nigger plan." 

But when his gre.ii victory was achieved he called his general, 
turned over the fortress and prisoners to him. saying: "It was a 
ni^'^rer plan, general, but tlir fort is taken." 

King .John the Fourth sent for Diaz, who went to Portugal and 
was royally received, i---nsioned and the King conferred knight- 
hood upon him and vhe town Estancia. near Pernambuco, was set 
apart for him. 

llicir IMace in t'le IJlerarv »()rl(l and as Discoverers .Vnionsr tis? 

Modern l'e<t|)Ie. 

First: Who can read the works of De Vastey, a very elonui-nt 
Black Man of St. I3omingo. and not praise him in the highest? 
Or who has read the history of Palermo called ihe "Holy Black." a 
man who was among th;- most eulogized and honored in the Ro- 
man Catholic Church and who died at Palermo. A. D. 1S59? Or 
have you forgotten Don .lean Latino, a distinguished Hamitic Latin 
scholar and teacher at Seville, in Spain? Or who has not heari 
and read of John Capitein. the black artist, Latin, Greek. Hebrew 
and Chaldaic scholar enO theologian at the University of Leyden, 



•4 ft 

■ Holland? Or will you ti rp your attention for a short while to An- 
thony William Anio, he black doctor of philosophy, skilled in Greek 
and Latin, who lectuied in the I'niversity of Williamburg. Ger- 
many, wrote an able work on the absence of sensation in the soul 
and its presence in the body? He was appointed a professor in tha , 
great school and wrote a Look on the distinction between the oper- 
t.f.cns ot the i.in'i and tho^e of the senses? 

We point with pride to our sweet poetess and ripe scholar. 
Philiis Wheatley. We dr not neglect mentioning Paul Lawrence 
Dunbar, that sweet oinge; of the race. 

The remarkable achievements of the Hamitic race in modern 
times in Ann rica as shown by Dr. Booker T. Washington in an 
excellent article he published a few months ago m The (hitlook 
is most commendable. The knowledge of these historical facts 
and desirable information is not only useful in these times, but 
they ceitainlv will help to reduce the intensity of "race feelings 
and race i)reiudices everywhere." Dr. Robertson, a great English 
author, in his valuable history of the United States, two volumes, 
abounds in information of important facts. But let us read and 
study carefullv what Dr. Washington says, in part, as follows: 

"In all the great pioneer work of clearing forests and preparing 
the way foi .ivilization the Negro, as I have tried to point out, has 
had his part. In all the difficult and dangerous work of exi)loration 
of the country tlie Xegro has invariably been the faithful comi)anion 
and helper of the white man. 

"Negroes ^eem to have accompanied nearly all the early Span- 
ish explorers. Indeed, it has even been conjectured that negroes 
came to America before Columbus, carried hither by trade winds 
and ocean curients, coming from the west coast of Africa. 

"At any late, one of the early historians, Peter Martyr, mentions 
"a reg.on in the Darien district of South America where Balboa, 
the illustrious discoverer of the Pacific Ocean, found a race of 
black men w'.io were conjectured to have come from Africa and to 
have been shiijwrecked on this coast." 

"It is said that the first ship built along the Atlantic coast was 
constructed by the slaves of Vasquez de Ayllon, who one hundred 
years before the English landed there attemi)ted to found a Span- 
ish settlement on the site of what was later .lamestown, Va. 

"There ••vore thirty negioes with the Spanish discoverer Bal- 
boa, and they assisted him in building the first ship that was con- 
structed on the Pacific coast of America. 

"Cortez. i!ie conqueror of Mexico, had 300 negro slaves with 
him in 1.522, the year in which he was chosen f'aptair.-Gen<'ral of 
New Spain, is Mexico was then called, and it is asserted that the 
town of Santiago del Principe was founded by negro slaves who 
had risen in insurrection against their Spanish masters. 

"In the chronicles of the ill-starred Ccronado ex;)ediii<)n of 
1540, which made its way from Mexico as far north as Kansas and 



oO 

Nebraska, it is mentioned that a negro slave of Hernando de Alar- 
con was the only member of the party wlio would undertake to 
carry a message from the Rio Grande across the country to the 
Zunis in New Mexico, where Alarcon hoped to find Coronado and 
open comnruaication with him. 

"I have leferred elsewhere to the story of Estevan, 'little 
Steve." a companion of Panfilo Narvaez in his exploration of Flor- 
ida in 1527. \vho afterward went in search of the seven fabulous 
cities which were sujjposed to be located somewhere in the present 
Teriiicry of .'\iiy.()na, and discovered the Zuui Indians. 

"Negroes accompanied de Soto on his march through Alabama 
in ].j4U. One of these negioes s?ems to have liked the couuLry, 
for he remained and settled among the Indians not far from Tuske- 
gee, and became in this way the first settler of Alabama. 

"Coming down to a later date, a negro servant accompanied 
William Claik of the J^ewis and Clark expedition, which in 1804 
explored the sources of the .Missouri River and gained for the 
United States the Oregon country. 

"Negroes were among the first adventurers who went to loo-k 
for gold in California; and when John C. Fremont in 1S46 made 
his desperate and disastrous attempt to find a pathway across the 
Rockies he was accompanied by a negro servant namedSaunders:" 
not to forget that ^ro.u black scholar, .Tob Ben Solomon, whose 
talent, dignified air and amenity of character brought him with 
high distinction before the Court of St. James. Or Cornelia, the 
df.ughter of Scipio Africanus, distinguished for her virtue, learning 
and good sense. Or Hypatia, daughter of Theon, in Africa. Sh« 
filled a chair in the Platonic school, she was regarded as an oracle, 
and was consulted by njagistrates in all importani cases. Who can 
ever forget Toussaint I'Overture, that great Hamitic genius? Or 
for one moment let us think of Benjamin Barnicker, that black 

scholar and genius. 

Oar President Seems Well Informed .Vhout Ham's Descendents' ii» 

Modern Historj'. 

The Black Man's place in this age is a unique one. 

As a domestic servant he is not lacking in things that are 
essential. In this country, before the war, he gave ample satisfac- 
tion to the master-claso; he now meets the critical demands of the 
epicureans of the pre.soat age. But he is being even now more rap- 
idly supplied by means of Hamitic industrial school training all 
over this country to meet future demands upon him. 

He is doing the very same thing as skilled laborers and me- 
chanics that other raOv^s are performing. 

His place in the cotton fields is most pronounced in his favor. 
Cut of the 12.000,000 bales of cotton raised two years ago, about Sr> 
per cent, of it is the produce of his labor. 

It is this department of industry that his greatest value is or 
can be seen and accuraU ly estimated. 



51 

There is more than o billion dollars made annually out of this 
single staple, and more tlian two-thirds of it go to enrich the South. 

It makes work 'or many millions of people in this and foreign 
countries. It is liard to estimate the immense amount of good this 
single induct r\ alone accc-mplishes for humanity. 

His plaie, in this age, as accomplished or made by him within 
the last forty-seven years, is a mcst wonderful record. 

He has reduced his illiteracy about 55 per cent. 

He has written hearly, if not more than, 400 books. 

He has at least ;'.00 newspapers issued regularly every week. 
♦ His school iiroperty amounts in value to about $20,000,000. 

The value of his cii-ich property today is about $50,000,000. 

He ownj about 1 tO.OOO farms and homes, worth about $850,- 
000,000. 

His personal property is valued at about $175,000,000, and he 
has raised about $15,000,000 for his own education. 

His per capita po;isessions amount to about $250. if not more. 

There are about 2,500 lawyers, 2,000 doctors, :?9,000 te-achor.-^. 
12 colleges, 20 academies, 70 high schools, 5 law schools, 5 medical 
schools and 28 theolo^lca' seminaries and several banks, and many 
real estate brokers and insurance companies, that stand to his 
credit today; in the neld of inventions he has his Edisons, in 
science, art and literature he is a wonderful rival of his white 
neighbor and is lo become more so as the years go by. 

Dr. >V. K. Dubois and His .Vblj Written Document. 

No unprejudiced individual can read and study his article and 
not discover the accumulative disposition or genius that this race 
possesses. It is the very element of mind that our President seeks 
to have developed by a good education. Who is it that cannot dis- 
cern that a people of such thriftiness, as made evident in this doc- 
ument, are of great value to the nation and section of country in 
which they live? We are under many obligations to Dr. Dubois 
for this very important document of immense value to the race in 
these times. 

He, in a recent (ommunication to a Philadflph^^ daily newc • 
paper, says : 

"The Negro was freed and turned loose 147 years ago to- 
day) as a penniless, landless, naked, ignorant laborer. Ninety-five 
per cent, of the race were field hands and servants of the lowest 
class. Today 50 per cent, are farm laborers and servants, over half 
of these are working as efficient modern workmen under a wage 
contract. 

"Above these have risen 750,000 farmers, 70,000 teamsters, 55.- 
000 railway hands, I^G.OOO miners, 35,000 saw mill employes, 28,- 
('00 porters, 21,000 teachers, 21,000 carpenters, 20,000 barbers, 20,- 
000 nurses, 15,000 clergymen, 14,000 masons, 24,000 dress makers 
and seamstresses, 10,000 engineers and firemen, 10,000 blacksmith.^. 



25.000 physkia:!?. and, atove all, 2 000,000 mistresses of independ- 
ent liomes, and 3.000,000 children in school. 

"Fifty years ago these people were not cnly practically pen- 
niless, but were themselves assessed as 'real estate." In 1909 they 
owned nearly .500.000 hemes and among these about 250.000 farms, 
or more than one-fifth of those they cultivate, with 15.000,000 acres 
of farm land, worth about $200,000,000. As owne:s and rentars 
of farms, they control 40,000,000 acres, worth over $500,000,000, 
with a gross income of $250,000,000. 

"Negroes today conduct every seventh farm in the land, and 
raise every sixteenth dollar's worth of crops. They have accu- 
mulated at least $600,000,000 worth of property in a half century, 
starting with almost nothing. The Negro is an Important part of 
the American government; he holds 8.352 off.c;s in the executive 
civil service of the nation, besides furnishing four regiments in 
the army and a large number of sailors. In the State and munici- 
pal service he holds at least 10,000 other offices, and he furnishes 
70,000 of the 900,000 votes which rule the great States, States of 
the North and West. 

"In the same years the Negro has relearned the lost art of or- 
ganization. Slavery was the absolute denial of initiative and re- 
sponsibility. Today Negroes have 35,000 church tdifices worth $56,- 
000,000, and controlling nearly 4,000,000 members. They raise 
themselves $7,500,000 a year for these churches. 

"There ere 200 private schools and colleges managed and al- 
most entirely supported by Negroes, and othrr public and pri- 
vate Negro schools have received in fifty years $45,000,000 of Negro 
money in taxes and donations. Five millions d year is raised by 
Negro secret and beneficiary societies, which hold at least $6,000,- 
000 in real estate. Negroes support wholly or in pavt over sixty 
old folks' homes and orphanages, thirty nospitals f.nd 500 ceme- 
teries. Their organized commercial life is extending rapidly and 
includes all branches of the smaller retail businesses and 40 
banks." 

For example, we have in Mr. E. T. Welcome one of the greatest 
inventors of the age who has invented the Welcome Germicide 
Machine for the disposing of excremental matter, patented .lune, 
1908. This invention will, when it is put in operation, revolution- 
ize the farming system in the South and elsewhere. The discovery 
is perhaps one of the greatest of this age, and a splendid paying 
investment. 

Tlie Hainitit" race has wonderfully increased its numerical 
strength, doubling its pojjulation in every fifteen years. And at 
the same rate of increase for the next hundred years, even in the 
face of everything against it. it will have in the South, without the 
aid of immigration, about 200,000,000 members of the race. 

We now sneak of Ham's modern place as it relates to his po- 
litical conditions. 



53 

It is in this tit'ld, and ihrt of social eiiuality. where the fric- 
tions between the racjs cccur, arising from two causes. 

Bigotry is tlie leal i)a:cnt cf i)rejiidicp, which becoipes the- 
foster mother of the root of bitterness, out of which conies strife- 
and hatred and enjls^ss dissatisfaction and often bloodshed und" 
death. 

Envy is that which gives rise to every conceivable plan of dc-. 
structioii. di.sintegiation and mischief. 

I'arnirrjiplss nine, ten and eleven are commented on in a general' 
way, which we hope will give satisfaction to every i)atron of this, 
trt^atise. We are strongly inclined to the belief that the readers cf; 
these pages will be imply i)aid for tlie time spent in reading them. 

The facts they cout&ir are derived from authentic recor^Js of 
great value. The time, labor and expense, to which the author of 
this treatise has givjn in the interest of this great race, is far 
above the ordinary, as every one who reads will discover ioinie- 
diately, and yet, he has done the work with the greatest of pleasures, 
looking forward to the time when its fruits will be greatly admirecJ; 
and api)reciated. 

Presidfiit Tiift on African Mission. 

Our eyes do cetainly see strange things in this age of the 
world. Whoever tho.ight it even passible that the Chief Executive 
of a Xation that once legalized slavery with all of its co-crdinate 
branches would deliver .such a commendable and far-reaching ad- 
dress of this kind? Oh I how touching and sublime are his con- 
fessions of the Nation's great crime, and his atonement for his 
country's wrongs. With all these mighty achievements within 
forty-seven years we can surely abide cur time, since our cause is 
well in hand. 

This address on African Mission is not a part of his remark- 
able speech, its use here is to reveal the beautilul religious cha;-' 
acter of our President, and his high moral seniiments. 

With a smiling reference to the "attack of the .Methodist 
Church in Africa," President Taft addressed an immense gathering 
1 at Carnegie hall tonigr.t at the diamond jubilee of the Metho.1ist 
Episcopal Church, call.^1 to celegiate the completion of a campaign 
started in January last, wherehy $320. ]G7 has been raised to fur- 
ther the mission work of the church in Africa. Of this- sum $72,49:^ 
has been received in c^ash as announced tonight, the remainder has 
been rubscribcd payable in installment.^ dui at various tinips up 
to five years. 

The Rev. J. C. Hart; ell. D. D, L.L.D.. bishop of Africa, 
through who-io effor:s the mone>' was raised, was the only speaker 
of the evening. He r'ollcued Mr. Taft. After stating that it seemed 
to him that the Ame:i;,an people acquired a world feeling from the 
time they undertook to fiee Cuba, the President said this is a na- 
tion with tremendous power and wealth, and that unless it uses 



that for the benefit of its foreign neighbors it is failing to discharge 
the duties that it ougnt tc feel as a member of the international 
coronninity. 

"The mission is a nrrleus aiui an epitome for the civilization 
that is expected to widen out in that neighborhood," continued the 
President. 

"I have heard missicns criticised. I have heard men say that 
they would not contribute to foreign missions at all; that we had 
wicked people enough at home, and we might just as well leave the 
foreign natives and savages to pursue their own hai>py lives in 
forests and look after our own who need: a great deal of ministra- 
tion. I have come to regard as narrow-minded a man who does not 
like music, who does not understand the things that God has pro- 
vided for the elevation of the human race. Tho missionaries in 
China, the missionaries in Africa, are the forerunners of our civi- 
lization, and without them we should have no hope of conquering 
the love and admiration and the respect of the millions of people 
that we hope to bring unc'er the influence of the Christian civiliza- 
tion. The men whom I wish to commend are those who, in the face 
of all the obstacles that certainly tend to discourage the bravest, 
enter the dark continent of Africa in an attempt to win those fields 
to Christianity. 

. "It is curious to see how the Almighty works his 
-ways. Our interest in Africa for many years was in the slave trade. 
IVe here, all of us, were responsible. 

"New England /ot out of it a little earlier than the others, 
?but we were all resiwnfcible for the encouragement of that trade, 
.and now we have, living with us, 10,000,000 descendants of the ne- 
:groes that were taken by force from that dark continent. And yet 
'I tTiink no one would say that the descendants of those people 
brought here are not to be congratulated on the fact that they have 
Ibeen able to enjoy the proximity to civilization, so that tliey are 
10ft years in advance of their relatives in Africa. And yet they 
c:ime here through greed and sin." 

What Christianity is Doiiiu: for Iho Hamitio Riico in .Vfrioa. 
* None but those who are blind spiritually hi<ve no hope in the 
promise of a sublime future development of this race. 

The wonderful developments of this race as shown in the ex- 
ccrp below are excellent commentaries on the Ps. Lxviii:31: 

"Africa is fast losing the right to be called the 'Dark Conti- 
rent.' In it are to he found 2,479 missionaries, as.sisted by 13,089 
native Christian workers. There are 4,759 places of worship, 221,- 
:b6 communicants and 527,790 professed adherents. In the 4,000 
missionary schools nre 202,390 pupils. There are 95 hospitals and 
16 printing establishments under the missionary control. A chain 
of connected missions reaches from the Atlantic to the Indian 
Ocean, and in Uganda, which thirty years ago was a pagan and 



uiuxploif'd country, one-lialf the 700.000 population are enrolled 
as Christians. I'ape Cclcny has 200,000 negro Cliristiuns out of a 
tcial of 700,000. In the whole history of Christian missions, it is 
very doubtful whethor anj race has shown itself more oi)on to the 
got pel or more beneficently alTected by it. The natives of South 
America are less influenced by the gospel than those of Afric;i.' — 
Tiie Interior. 

Mr. i'ni-iu'iiie on llio rrt»irr(*ss <»i' tlie Haiiiitic Knvv. 

lA't US as a race take courage, for they that are fur us are more 
than they that are against us. The voice of such a friend as Mr. 
Carnegie is a great hOot in itself. Onward to the goal is the watch- 
word lo the race from a million or more average men of the race. 

Everywhere we look we discover in the leading white men of 
the whole country the same sentiments expressed by Our President. 

"Andrew Carnegie addressed the members of the Armstrong 
As-bociation on the Xe^ro ciuestion on Wednesday, December 1, at 
the home of William .Jay Schieffelin, 5 East Sixty-sixth street, in 
\\hich he declared '.hat the lowest blacks of the South are ahead 
of his Scotland ancestor.^ of two hundred years ago. 

"In speaking of !iis recent trip through the South Mr. CarU'-gie 
said : 

•■-My impressions of Hampton are that the students may be 
compared to those of cur large universities — the young men to 
those at Harvard and the young women to those at Wellesley. I 
v.as, never more sure of anything in my life than I am that the 
work being carried on there is succeeding in its purpose. It is a 
gcod course and that is one of the reasons for its success. 

"No race ever mide such progress as the Negroes have in the 
it'St forty years. Only a few years ago I became interested in gath- 
ering statistics about th.( in and 1 had figures compiled which show- 
ed there were 74.'), 000 favmiL> in tlie South controlled by Negroes, and 
LN:.,000 tiiey owned cniCight. They had spent $Jt),OOO,000 to build 
churches alone." 

"I also noticed 'n the South a growing sympathy of the white 
people for the Negro and eveiy one there appears happier for it. 

"Foreign mission work is good in its way, but the first duty 
of the American people is to contribute all we can toward the black 
race God placed among us." 

Litirht Dawns in tlie South. 

Preceding .Judge Wood's icmarks on the rr.ce, we submit the 
sentiments of another great Souiliern gentleman, one that is far 
rc^aching in meanings and effects, and stands '.s an ideal of that 
high class and element represented by the autlior of the expres- 
sions. It glows with feiver, and bristles with truth; it is as 
follows: 

"Governor Glenn, of North Carolina, delivered an address in 
tlie Negro Building which evoked great feeling on the part of the 



5G 

mimbers gathered in the building. Governor Glenn narrated in s 
feeling way the debt of gratitude he owed to ihe colored people. 
relat:ng an incident of the Civil war which i-TOved the Negro's 
fidelity and tuist. The incident was the faithfulness with which 
the servant of a Confederate officer buried the body of a fallen 
soldier and then tramped for .^00 miles to the eld hcmestead, car- 
rying with him all the cash and belongings of his dead master, 
and how t.ie same body servant afterwards assisted in the rearing 
of the children. The Fisk .Jubilee Singers aro^-e to the occasion 
and. sang "Suwanee River" in a way that prodnced a climax of 
expression." 

"Among the men oi light and leading in the S^uth on the race 
tiuestion is also to be counted Justice Charles A. Woois. of the 
SOiith Carolina Supreme Court. In a noteworthy addres!* to a 
gathering of farmers and others at Florence, in that State, a few 
days ago, he proclaimed that doctrine of justice to the Xegra for 
which ex-Congressman William H. Fleming, of Georgia, ha? con- 
spicuously stood as the one and only possible solution of the 
South's race problem. Hf- expressed his belief in the aatural su- 
periority of the white race and, so believing, he can entertaim no- 
fears that it will fall ui,der the domination of the coloi'ed race \n. 
.a fair field without special favors to either. The implicatioii h«r^ 
is that those who fe>l or pretend to great fear of Negro saprema:cy 
in any way are grav»^ly doubtful of the truth of their noiay asser- 
tions of race superiority, and so they must be. It i~ a fair shot which 
the justice fires and goes straight to the mark. And in follo>wing ir. 
up Judge Woods presents some searching questions: 

" 'In this conditioii ought we not to have enough conffdence in 
our own strength .md (ouiage to believe that it is not nsce^s-sry- 
to our welfare to keep cui laboring population in the dar&ness and 
depravity absolute illiteracy implies? There is little risk erf having 
another struggle for race dominance, and shall we not with: resolute 
courage take what isk there is rather than f.ike the certain evil 
so blighting in our country, and settk^ d=wn to peri>etiial daily 
contact with a race rciulfred in its masses more brutish and dan- 
:gerous by ignorance <ind the sense of neglect? My coiirrtrymen, in 
the long run we must toke it because that civilization which rests 
on the ignorance and dtgradation of any large class of its people 
cannot last. Be assured there is a power in this trniverse tha'^ 
makes it safe and wise tc be just and generous, and to give those 
who have come under cu; power a fair chance." 

As Mr. Fleming, of Georgia, said on a previous occasion: "In- 
iustice and persecution will not sclve any of the problems of the 
who lave come under oor power a fair chrnce.' 

"lustice Woods accoidingly demands compulsory education for 
blacks as well as whites; but from the public schcols. especially for 
the more primitive racj he would cut away all abstract learn- 
ing or advanced courses in book.- and subsiftute after the 



three R's manual Iraining and more cr less technital educa- 
tion in the trades md [jaiticulai ly in agriculture. And in so do- 
ing he believes the £iale will be serving the colored race as 
well as the white to the b€St of its ability; and so it would. These 
colored youths who show special merit in the public schools he 
would have encoura:it>d to work their way through those higher 
and most worthy Xdi£:-o institutions like Tuskegee or Hampton or 
the South Carolina St'ite College at Orangeburg. 

"Justice Wbods does not discuss the queslian of suffrage, but 
from the views he exMret^ses in this notable address — from his sin- 
cere belief in the natu/al superiority of the white race and in simple 
justice and the mor-il law as offering the one and only possible 
solution of the race pioMem — we must suppose him to look with 
disapproval on the movement in the Southern States to force the 
Negro into a condition of political outlawry or servitude. That he 
must regard as not tne'.ely an unjust but a wholly needless step. 
I'nder leadership like thi^ the South will not be long in gaining 
the mastery of its troublous race situation." 

As a race, we ^hank Justice Woods for his very wise, timely, 
hi;mane and philosophical remarks to his people who will be rea- 
scned with and advised on any and all live questions affecting the 
^jeat and best inteiesi o^ the State, and for that matter, the whole 
cot. ntry. Oh! May this golden tide of peace roll on the waves until 
It dies on the shore of time and then begin to live in the Great Be- 
yond — Heaven. 

Judge Wood's laudable humanitarian position en the Hamitic 
race (nieslion leminds us of the humane and just AnMipiiiriU's ttl" 
Mars Hill, which is beautifully recited in the f-.llowing story: 

"The decisions of the Areopagites of Athims have long bee*" 
J'araous for their wisdom. The learned Phocious. ;n his Bibli- 
otheque, expatiates with dt light on one decision, which shows that 
it was a wisdom lempt.'red with an admirable spirit of humanity. 
The Areopagites were assembled together on a mountain, with no 
other roof than the canoi)y of heaven. A sparrow, pursued by a 
hawk, fled into the midst of them for refuge; it took shelter in the 
bosom of one of them, a man naturally of a iiarsh and repulsive 
(lisi)osition. wl.o. taking hold cf the little tumbler, threw it from 
liim with such violence that it was killed on the spot. The whole 
assembly weie filled with indignation at the cruelly of the deed; 
the. anther of it was instantly arraigned as an alien to that senti- 
ment of mercy so necessary to the admin istraiicn of justice; and 
by the unanimous suffrages of his colleagues, was degraded from 
the senatorial dignity which he had so much disgraced."' 

-V Soutlieruor's View of Conditions in llie South. 

It should not be forgotten that as a race of people we have 
never been in the South at any time since the beginning of our 



58 

history iu Uiis covimiy. 161U, without such white friends as Dr. 
Riley, of Alabama, friends who have never Deon found absent when 
funds were needed or whenever and wherever duty called 

Dr. Riley spcke a.s follows: 

■'In the initial stages of the Negro's freedom predictions wevo 
prolific tiiat when left to himself he would lapse into paganism. 
But theories have vanished on the arrival of the facts. With tlio 
restraint of bondafje gone and unburdened of the vicious influences 
of servitude, the worthiest of the race stepped promptly to the 
front and formed a splendid leadership. 

"The Negro began without a penny in his p:;cket, without a 
loaf of bread, without an inch of land which he could call hi-; 
own. without a shelter over his head, with no idea of home, and 
that he had to create after his emancipation, and yet within less 
than forty-five years what has he accompli:-;hed? He has bought 
and paid for 200,000 plantations, has built for hinic^elf 400,00<t 
homes, has 10.000 stores and fifty hanks operated by Negroes and 
conducted on Negro capital. His ta.xable property amounts to 
$600,000,000. 

"Is there no obligation imposed on a stronger race to aid a 
struggling people like this? l.ret us see. So far as the South is 
concerned what has the Negro done during the two hundred years 
of his servitude? He has hewn down her forests and transmited 
them into fertile plantations: he has built her homes, her town^; 
and cities, her colleges, has built her ships, laid her railway lini>s, 
established the means of her commerce, donipstic and international, 
and has educated seven generations of Southerners, while he ha.^, 
labored on in ignorance. But he has not enriched the South alon'^; 
but with the cotton bale he has enriched the New England and 
Middle States. 

Reaction Favorable to >eero. 

"These facts are .just now impressing the people of the South, 
or the better elements of them, and are creating a reaction fa\'or- 
able to the Negro. This reaction is due to two chief causes — one 
is that of the reassertion of the old aristocratic class of the South, 
through their descendants. For a period they suffered frotn" the 
chaotic conditions incident to the war, but they are coming again 
to the front. That is one cause. Another is that the Negro 1'= 
steadily vindicating his merits by his deeds, as i have already 
shown. 

"For considerably more than a year I have been engaged 'J 
investigating conditions, publishing these facts and propitiating 
public sentiment in the South, My success is a surpri.se to me. 
I find thousands of our best people feeling .just as I do concerning 
the Negro T'rere i.-- a widespread feeling that there should be ac- 
corded to the Negro the merits of his just deserts 

"One of the chief things from which the Negro suffers in the 



South is that the crimes cf the few are exploited in the public 
piiuts to the neglect of his worthy deeds. A crime is flared in the 
public press, but nothing is said of his steady progress ajid of his 
acliievements." 

In parau'raplis iiincfceii, twenty, tw<Mity-one and tw<>nty-two 

he deals with the graat struggles the race encounters, the injus- 
tices it meets; he believes the American people will eventually deal 
more justly with the -ace and pleads faithfully fur the two million 
dollars for Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes, re.spectively. 

TLe Great Value of Hamitic Soldiers to the United States in Rev- 
olutionary Times, and Ever Since Then. 

lu the speech of our President we discover a very remarkable 
statement about the Hamitic soldiers and the valuable services 
they rendered. It timely .suggests to us the splendid idea of im- 
parting this inipoitant information, that the masses of both r.aces 
aj'e profoundly ignorant of, and in which they ought to be in- 
structed. 

Who is it that does not now perceive that it was quite a provi- 
dential occurrence, that black men, as well as white men, Gom- 
I.K)&ed the invincible army and navy of the United States in revolu- 
tioflary times? It is possible, and certainly very probable, that 
President Taft had in mind the recorded facts before us. 

No one, white nor black, can read this important record, which 
was made March 20th, 1779, when Congress recommended the 
States of fioorfiiji and South Carolina, to raise ;'.,000 colored troops, 
whose reward for their services was to be their emancipation, and 
not discover quite an interesting history of th^ Black Man's part 
in the Revolutionary War in this country. The delegations from 
those States informed Congress that .'^uch a body of troops would 
l)e not only '•formidable to the enemy," but would lessen the dan- 
ger of "revolts and desertions" among the slaves themselves. 
(See Secret .Journal of the Old Congress. Vol. I, pp. 105-107). It 
i^ most remarkable that within 16U years after the enslavement of 
this Lardy f?iant race that it should be called upon and expected 
to. and did, help to relieve the master class of an awful situation 
that ha-s made it leally possible for this Xatio:; to be what it is 
today. 

We can and do now call up the eloquent ri marks of Hon. Mr. 
Clark, in the convention which revised the Constitution of New 
York, in 1S21. who said, when contending fur the jjolitical and civil 
lights of ihr- llamiii'- race in those early times, (79 years ago): "In 
the war of the revolution these people helped to light your battles 
by land and by sea. Some of your States were glad to turn out 
corps of colored men, and to stand shoulder to shoulder with them. 
In your late war they contributed largely towards your most 
splendid victories. On I^akes Erie and Chami-lain, where your 
fleets triumphed over a foe superior in numbers, and engines of 



60 

death, they were manned in a large proportion with men of col3^•. 
And in this very house, in the fall of 1S14, a bill passed, receiving 
the approbation of all the branches of your government, author- 
izing the Governor to accept the service of two thousand free 
people of color." Are we not charmed by the soul-stirring words 
of Hon. Mr. Burgess, of Rhode Island, on the floor cf Congress, 
.Janv.iry 28th, 1828? He said: "At the commencement of the Rev- 
olutionary War Rhode Island had a number of this description of 
people. (Slaves). A regiment of them were enlisted into the con- 
tinental service, and no braver men met the enrmy in battle; but 
n'Ot one of them was permitted to be a soldier until he had first 
been made a freeman." 

The declaration of Hon. Mr. Martindale. of New York, in Con- 
gress, on .Tanuaiy 2:ind, 1838, is certainly forcible and forceful: 
"Bla'ks who had been slaves were entrusted as soldiers in the 
war of the revolution; and I, myself, saw a battalion of them, as j 
fine, martial lookirg men as 1 ever saw. attached to the North'ern 
army in the last war, on its march from Plattsburg to Sackett's 
Harbor." 

Hon. Charles iSIiner. of Pennsylvania, in Congress. February 
7th, 1828, said: "The African race make excelL^nt soldiery. Larg? 
numbers of them were with Perry and aided to gain the brilliani 
victory on Lake Erie. A whole battalion of them was distinguished 
for ■'le soldierly appearance." 

Can there be a more eloquent ai»poal to the white people of 
this country than "the old map of Bunker Hill battle," exhibitin,^: 
"a slave standing behind bis master and. shooting down an officer 
of t;ie British army and ready for another fire?" 

I'f they "(the Americans) have one spark of the love of Justice 
remaining in their breasts they will think of those perilous times, 
and of the invaluable help this great lace ha.* been to them, as 
brave soldiers, loyal citizens and faithful and untiring laborers, 
and accord to them what they have long sinco merited, and are 
now pleading for, as it is their duty and right to do. 

We take this splendid opportunity, and we trust it will be 
received in the best of spirit, since the object cf it is to brin.^ 
about a hf^tt pr underptnnding between the races, to show the merits 
of the Hiimilic peoi)le in this country, and the duty the American 
Nation owes them. 

The race ought never forget the iinperisliable address cf Gen- 
eral .Jackson to the slaves and free colored people during the last 
war between the Americans and Great Britain. Their intrinsic 
value as invincible soldiers called forth this sublime address 
and eloquent ])roclamation. which followed: 

"Through a mistaken iiolicy you have heretofore been deprived 
of a parti( ii)ation in a glorious struggle for rational rights, in 
which our country is engaged. This no longer shall exist. 

"As Sons of Freedom, you are now called upon to defend our 



CI 

most inestimable blessing. As Americans, your country looks wiUi 
eunfidence to her adopted children, lor a valorous support, as u 
faithful leturn for the advantages enjoyed under her mild and 
equitable government. As fathers, husbands and brothers, you 
are summoned to rally round the standard of the Eagle, to defend 
ail which is dear in existence. 

'•\our countiy. although calling for ycur ex?rtionE, d:es not 
wish \ou to engage in her cause without remunerating you lor the 
services rendered. Your intelligent minds are not to be led away 
by false representations — your love of honor would cause you to 
despise the man who should attempt to deceive you. In the sin- 
cerity of a soldier, and the language of truth. I address you. 

"To every noble hearted Freeman of color, vchinteeiing to 
serve during the present contest with Great Britain and no longer, 
there will be paid the same bounty in money £;nd lands, now re- 
ceived by the white soldiers of the United States, viz.: One hun- 
dred and twenty-four dollars in money, and one hundred and sixiy 
acres of land. The non-commissioned officers and privates will 
also be entitled to the same monthly pay and daily rations, and 
c'othes furnished to any American soldier. 

"Cn enrolling youi-selves in companies, the .Major General Com- 
luanding will select officers for ycur gcvernmenr, from your white 
fellow citizens. (General Coffin, with seven hundred of the col- 
ored troops beat back the British forces who came up to break 
through the entrenchment.) 

"Your non-commissioned officers will be ap])ointed from among 
yourselves. 

•"Due regard will be paid to the feelings of freemen and sol- 
diers. You will not, by being associated with white men in the 
same coi ps. be exposed to improper comparisons or unjust sar- 
casm. As a distinct, independent battalion or regiment, pursuing 
the ]>aih of gloiy. you will, uuillvided, receive the applause and 
gratitude of your countrymen. 

"To assuie you of the sincerity of my intentions and my anx- 
iety to engage your invaluable services to our country, I have 
communicated my wishes to the governor of Louisiana, who is 
fully informed as to the manner of enrollments, and will give you 
every necessary information on the subject of this address. 

AXDREW .IA''KSOX. 
"iMajor General Commanding." 
rrooliiniation to tl«e Free People of Color. 

We are sure that no white people of this o:- any other country 
can read this document without being inspired with the belief 
and disposition to accord hereafter to the Humi;ic race in this 
country what the fathers of the country intended them to receive 
and enjoy in a peaceful way for its faithfulness to the Nation 
when it needed heroes. 



62 

Our Prosidont evidently saw or knew of these records, and 
having iiuplicit confidence in the nltimate justice of the American 

people, suggested the idea that has brought to light the facts we 
have endeavored to wriie up for the special benefit of the youths 
of the Nation. 

''Soldiers I ^Vhen on the banks cf the Mobile. I called you to 
take up arms, inviting you to partake of the perils and glory of 
your white fellow citizens, I expected much from you; for I was 
not ignorant that you ixjssessed qualities most formidable to an 
invading enemy. I knew with what fortitude you could endure 
hunger and thirst, and all the fatigues of a campaign. I knew well 
how you love your native country, and that you had, as well a.s 
ourselve.s, to defend what man holdt; most dear — his parents, rela- 
tions, wife, children and i)rcperty. You have done more than I 
expected. In addition to the previous qualities I before knew you 
to possess, I found, moreover, among you a noble enthusiasm 
which leads to the performance of great things. 

"Soldiers! The President of the I'nited States shall hear ho\T 
praiseworthy was your conduct in the hour of danger; and the 
representatives of the American people will. I doubt not. give you 
the praise your exploits entitle you to. Your General anticipates 
them in applauding your noble ardor. 

"The enemy approaches; his vessels cover our lakes; our brave 
citizens are united, and all contention has ceased among them. 
Their only dispute is, who shall win the prize of valor, or who the 
moort glory — it noblest reward. By order. 

"THO>LA.S Bl'Tl^BR, Aid-de-ramp." 

It is not generally known that it was a member of this race 
who formulated the plan of breastworks made of cotton bales, 
and' earthen embankments. The following excerpt reveals a beau- 
tiful historic story: 

"In the last war there was no honor due *o General .Jackson 
for arranging his army behind cotton bags in ^uch a manner as 
to save life. (Belfast Rep. Jour.) 

"The plan of throwing up an entrenchment between the 
swamp and the river, at the point where the British were obliged 
to approach if they came at all, was not conceived by General 
Jackson, nor was the use of the cotton bales .; scheme of his, but 
was a plan of a colored man. He proposed to the General the ex- 
))ediency of defending this strong i>oint. which was so obvious that 
there could be no hesitation or dispute about it; Jackson, there- 
fore, ordered it to be built, and thus saved the .\merican army and 
country." 

In tiie light of these great historic facts, wliat member of this 
great giant race does not rejoice to know that \vhat it expects at 
the hands of the American people is not that that is due, because 
of humane sympathy, but that merited justice ('.at arises from the 
above acknowledged meritorious services at a perilous time, when 



63 

fieroic deeds counted lor something, and of such tliis race was 
rich in abundance as the many occasions aros</, and all authentic 
records fully attest? 

So, then, why should seme of the descendants of the fathers 
of this country, the founders of this Great Nation and Powerful 
(Jovernnient, talk expatriation and have a desire to deprive this 
race of its costly elective franchise? 

Were our people ignorant of the iuvuliiahli> services they ren- 
dered the American people (whites) more than once, and the greac 
merits thereof, there would be much less anxiety and agitation-;, 
and, of course, no unrest among us. 

It is a fact worth noticing that a people of rreat merit are onl " 
satisfied when their rights are fully and freely accorded to them. 
And it is in this way we will surely reach the goal of race adjus'- 
ment, so much and Icng desired by all of us. 

Our President in thf; twelfth paragraph intimates this much, 
which is true.that as sron as the Southern white people as a mass 
become better educated the race problem in the South would be 
more easily solved. It is? equally true that the more thoroughly 
the masses of the w-hite race all over the globe become acquainted 
with the frreatness of the Haniitie race and acknowledge the won- 
derful capacity of its dercendants, as manifested in anoieut, mediae- 
val and inodorn tinu^, llien there will be no more problem of the 
kind to solve. 

In paragrapIiK thirteen and fourteen we are informed by the 
President that "the impiOACmpnt of ('iril Service of Enfrland * * * 
i'aioe by India," and lb; r "the iiin)rovenient in practical edncation 
In this conntry, in indiislrial education * =" * came lhroiie:h Homp- 
t<»n, through (reneral Armstrong.*' 

The records of authentic history have long since proven the 
Hamitic race the founders of ancient civilization, science, art and 
literature, as the se',]iol will show. 

The fifteenth par.igtaph shows the President's position or views 
on foreign immigration. 

The Hamitic people dc not fear foreign immigration, but they 
liate the unjust administration of the laws at home, and certain 
proscriptions under what is designated as law. I'arairraplis six- 
teen, seventeen and eit'liteen the President calls the American 
people's attention to thei.- duty to the Hamitic race in this country: 
he shows who are responsible for the presence of the slaves in the 
United States; he toiches on the loyalty of this people to the Na- 
tion and its flag, ani even their willingness to die for it. Tl.o 
President directs or invokes the financial aid of the whole people to 
♦lo something that will wipe out illiteracy and ignorance. 

The .\uthor's Recapitulations. 

The unparalleled achievements of The Ancient Brother in 
Bkick speak for themselves, as the records fully attest. 



64 

Our President says: 'Why a rave that |ir«dii'*es a Booker Wash- 
ington in a ccntniy ought to feel contideut that it can «lo miracles 
in time." 

We have this to say on the President's view of this truly 
Great .Man of the race— Dr. Washington, of whom we are very 
proud. But our confident hope in a race that produced a Mmrod, 
the founder of the first form of regal Government in the East; the. 
originator and builder of the Tower of Bable; the founder of the 
cities of Babylon, Accad, ("alneh, Ereck and Nineveh, the wise, 
founder of the school of Astrology, and the science of Astronomy; 
and the great founder of the Babylonian empire or .Monarchical form 
or civil government, is deeper. 

We are not ashamed of such noble leaders of the race who 
could and did constr'tct the walls of Babylon, sixty miles in cir- 
cumference, 350 feet high and 87 feet thick, with one hundred tow- 
ers thereon; nor are we able, though we possessed all eloquence. 
to praise our ancestors, who built and beautified the city of 
Babylon with the swinging gardens, the first beautiful piece of 
landscape work known in history; neither do we hesitate to lavish 
lasting praise and continuous adoration on the lepresentatives of 
this great race of ou:s w-hose mechanical genius framed and con- 
structed the first known bridge in the world, that crossed the River 
Euphrates, and the wonderful play and busy inventive engineering 
skilled labor that built the- first subway under the River Euphrates, 
thus connecting the king's palace with the Temple of Belus. 

Since the Cnshites or Habylonians. descendants of Ham, in- 
vented the science of astron<fmy in Babylon mnny thousand yea-s 
ago, and built the Tinver, the upper part of wnich was converted 
into the Temple of Helns and used as an ob-ervatory the brother 
in white has imitated this invention to great pn-fecticn, and he is 
not disposed to give credit today to the Hamitic people for thi.) 
wonderful science which presupposes a deej) knowled-,e of geom- 
etry and the higher branches of mathematics. 

It is remarkable how much a single example can accomplish 
for the good of mankind. The following quotation speaks for itself: 

"(Jhser-talory, astronomical: Institution for the rei,ular stud> 
of the positions, motions and characteristics of the heavenly 
bodies. In addition to this program not infrequently included ob- 
servation of lerrestriiil magnetism, meteorology and sometimes 
earth(iuake phenomena. The only institution corresponding to a 
modem observatory whicli existed before tlie (hri.^iian era was 
that founded at Alexandria by Ptolemy Soter about 300 B. C. Ob- 
servation and investigation were carried on here for about 400 
years. It was made famous l)y the work cf Claudius Ptolemy and 
many others of lesser note. During the middle ages observatories 
were founded at Bagdad in the 9th century, at .Makattam. near 
Oairo, about 1000. at .Meragha. in Persia, about 1260, and at Sa- 
markand in the lijth century. At these places observations were 



Co 

carried on willi iiisl riimiiits made aftrr (lie fa. liioii (il lliosr used 
at Alexandria l.UOU years earlier, and, if no s^reater advance was 
made, the science was at least preserved t'lom extinction. Among 
the early ol)servatories of Euro])e tlie most famous were those of 
Bernard Walihei' at Niiremburg, 1471': Tyclio Bralie on liie Dani-ii 
Island of linen (l.'.TC-ilT), l.andsrave William 111 at Cassel (l.'.tll- 
;i7i. and llevelius at Dantzie. iTili <entury. More I'ecently iho 
number of observatories, both public and i)iivatc lias become very 
great. G. H. Boehmes in the Smithsonian report for ISSO gives a 
list not professing to be complete of Tti Americans and 24.j foi'eign 
observatories." 

The following are some of the more prominent, with names 
of directors, astionomical position, and most important instruments, 

Albany, X. Y., Dudly Observatory; Longitude from Washing- 
ton h. K! m. 12. ST s. e., latitude 42 degrees, 3!) minutes, 49.5 sec- 
onds .\. Directors: H. A. Gould 18.")4, O. .\l. .Mitchel IS.")!*. G. II. 
Hough 1SG2, L. Boss 1875. Instruments: equatorial refractor by 
Fitz, 13 in, apeiture; meridian circle by Pistor and .Marlins, S lu. 
aperture: transit instrument, Pistor and ^Martins 6.4 in. aps'iture. 
Recenty built on a new site and provided with now equatorial by 
Brashear. 

Ann Arbor, .Mich,, I)?1roll Observatory: l.,ong. h. 26 m. 43.10 s. 
w.. lat. -42 degrees, 16 minutes, 48 seconds, n. Directors: F. Brun- 
novv 1854, .J. C. Watson 1858. .M. W . Harrington 1879, Asaph Hall, 
Jr., 1892. Instruments: equatorial refractor, 12 1-2 in., by Fitz: 
meridian circle by Pistor and Martens. Twenty-one minor plan- 
ets were discovered here by Watson. 

Berlin, Prussia, Konigliche Universitals .Steinwarte: Ix)ng. 
from Greenwich h. 53 m. 34.91 s. o., lat. 52 degrees, 30 minutes, 
7 seconds X. Founded 1705. Director: W. J. Foerester. Equator- 
ial refractor by Ttzschniedner and Fraunhofer. 9 in. aperture, 
with this instrument Xeptune was discovered by Dr. Gallo 1846; a 
meridian circle by Pistor and [Martins, 4 in. aperture. 

Birr Gastle, Ireland, Earl of Boss's Observatory. Ivong. fio:;; 
Greenwich h. 31 m. 40.9 s. w., lat. 53 degrees, 5 minutes. 47 ses- 
ondsX. Instruments: the famous reflecting telescopes of 6 feet 
and 3 feet aperture, respectively. 

Bonn, Russia. Universitats Sternwarte. Tjong. from Greenwicli 
ti h. 28 m. 23.29 s. E., lat. 50 degrees, 43 minutes, 45 seconds, X. 
Directors: K. D. Van Munchow 1818, F. W. A. .Vrgelander 1837, 
E. Schonfeld 1875, F. Deichmuller 1891, F. Kustner 1S91. Meridian 
circle by Pistor and Martins, 4 1-2 in. aperture: meridian circle by 
Repsold, 6 in. aperture. This observatory has been very widely 
known from the work carried on here under the direction of Ar- 
gelander, the great survey of the northern heavens or "Durch- 
mnsterung" being most important. 

Cambridge, Mass. Astronomical Observatory of Harvaid Col- 
lege lx)ng. fiom Washington u h. 2:*. m. 41. U5 s. E.. lat. 42 degrees, 



66 

Hi! iiiimitis, IT.tj second X. Dirc-clors: \V. ('. I'.oiid is:;.., il. I'. 
Bond 1S39, J. Wenlock 18GG, E. V. Pickering l:^TG. Instruments: 
equatorial refractor, by 'Slerz. 1.". in. meridian circle, Troughton and 
Simm.s, S 1-4 in. aperture; tiansit circle, aperture 4 1-2 in.; spec- 
tioscopes, photometers, and a large collection of pliolographic in- 
struments, including the great Biuce telescope of 24 in. aperture. 

Chapultepec, Mexico, National Observatory. Long, from Wash- 
ington 1 h. 28 m. 26.20 s. W., lat. 19 degrees, 2'; minutes, 17.5 sec- 
onds X. Aperture 15 in. equatorial telescope by Grubb is the prin- 
cipal instrument. In 1883 the observatory was transplanted to 
Tacubaya. Bong. 1 h. 28 m. 34.45 s. W., lat. 19 degrees, 24 minutes, 
17.5 seconds X. 

Chicago, 111., Yerkes Observatory, Department of the Uni- 
veri-ity cf Chicago. The site is on the shore of Lake Geneva, Wis.. 
72 m. from Chicago. The principal instrument will be the 41 3-S 
in. equatorial by Alvan Clark and Sons, mounting by Warner and 
Swasey. the largest refracting telescope ever constiucted. It 
will be provided with several smaller telescopes, transits, meridian 
circles; in short, everything necessary to an observatory cf the 
highest rank. 

Clinton, N. Y. liitchfield Observatory of Hamilton College. 
Long, from Washington h. G m. o4.65 s. E.. lai. 43 degrees, 3 min- 
utes, 17 seconds N. Director: C. H. T. Peters, 1858—1890. Equa- 
torial telescope, by Spencer and Eaton, 13 1-2 in. aperture. With 
this instrument Dr. Peters discovered 52 minor planets. 

Cordoba, Argentine Republic. National Observatory. I..ong, 
from Washington h. 51 m. 223.84 s. E. lat. 31 degrees. 25 minutes, 
15.5 seconds, E. Dire(tor.<: B. A. Gould 1S70, c.lhn M. Thorne 18S4. 
Equatorial telescope, by Fit/., 11 in.; meridian circle by Repsold, 
5 in. aperture.' With the letter instrument 105.000 observations 
were made for Dr. Gould's catalogue of Southern stars. 

Greenwich, England, Royal Observatory. T.,ong. from Wash- 
ington 5 h. S m. 12.04 s. E. lat. 51 degrees, 2S minutes. 38. 4 sec- 
onds N. Directors: .1. Flamsteed 1G75, E. Halley 1720, .1. Bradley 
1742, N. Bliss 1762, N. Maskelyne 1765, .1. Pond ISll. G. B. Airy 
1835, W. H. M. Christie 1881. There was an equatorial of 12.8 in., 
mounted-on the English ])lan, replaced 1893 by one of 28 in., by 
Grubb; a meridian circle of 8 in. aperture, by Simms, and Ran- 
s.omes and IVIay, and an altazinuth, by the same, with 3 feet cir- 
cles and 4 in. telescope. 

Konigsberg. Prussia. I'niversltats Sternwarte. Ivong. from 
Greenwich 1 h. 21 m. 53.91 s. E., lat. 54 degrees, 42 minutes, 50.6 
seconds N. This observatory is chiefly known in connection with 
the celebrated researches of F. W. Bessel, which were carried on 
here from 1813 until his death in 1846. Present director: C. W. F. 
Peters. 

r.,eydtMi. Holland Cniversity. - Observatory. Long, from Green- 
wich h. 17 m. 56.25 s. 10.. lat. 52 degrees, 9 minutes, 20 seconds N. 



67 

Founded 1632: it. is the oldest existing observaiory in Eurniie. A 
new building was erected in lSd8-60 and provided with a 7 in. re- 
fractor by .MiMz, and a meridian circle by I'istoi- and .Martins, <;..'; 
in. aperture. 

l>ondo:i. Ealing. A. A. Caninean's Observatory. Two r; Hec- 
tors of (.iO and IS in. ai)eiuire, respectively, are enii)loyed cliletly 
l\.r celestial plictography and spettroscopy. 

London, l'iii)td Tulse Hill, Huggins Observatoiy I..ong. froni 
Greenwich h. m. 27.7 s. W., lat. 51 degrees. 26 minutes, 47 sec- 
onds X. Aperture l.j in. refractor and a Cassigiain reflector, both 
by Grubb. are employed on the same equatorial mounting. Witii 
these instruments Huggins has conducted his wlU known spectro- 
scopic researches. 

IMeuden, France. Long, from Greenwich h. S m. .");'). 6 s. E., 
48 degrees, 48 minutes, 18 seconds X. Director: .T. Janssen. De- 
voted to astronomical physics, especially to photography. It con- 
tains, among other powerful instruments, a reflector of one meter 
aperture. 

.Mount Hamilton, Cal.. Lick Observatory. Tx)ng. from Washing- 
ton 2 h. 58 m. 22.05 s. W.. lat. 37 degrees, 20 minutes, 23.5 sec- 
onds X. Director: Edward E. Holden 1885. Equatorial telescope, 
36 in. by Alvan Clark and Sons; equatorial telescope, 12 in., by 
Alvan Clark and Sons; meridian circle, by Rapsold, 6 in. aperture; 
a great variety of minor instruments. 

There are many others we could mention, but the author will 
not do so at this time. 

If this race has no confidence in itself, the same being based 
upon its many achievements, then whaf other race can or should? 

As a rate of people we ought to possess unlimited confidence 
in our future, since we have the great achievements of our ances- 
tors as magnificent incentives. Think of them as the inventors of 
science, art and liteiaiuie. and then we have done our duty to our- 
selves, and the splendid work lies before us as a peculiar people. 

We are indebted to the white friends Xorth, East, South and 
West, for their wise, tin;ely and great advice, educational help, 
moral and Christian examples, and their splendid and many en- 
couragements, when the avenues to success were dark and very 
gloomy. Though many of them encountered ostracism, hate and 
the most shameful rscjrn, and even death, yet they stuck by us to 
the present, and they show no disposition now to desert us. God bless 
them and theirs. We Avorld say to the advocates of bad laws that 
are made for the Hamitic race, please turn your attention to what 
is really a fact worth knowing and studying, f leiuencj- is a beau- 
tiful lesson, but so fe-y people who are high In authority seem to 
profit by it, like Alphocsus Kin? of Xnplcs and SU'ily did: and. 
hence, he is celebrated in history for his clemency. When asked 
why he was bo favorable to all men, even to those most notoriously 
wicked, he replied; "Because good men are won by justice, the bad 



68 

by clemency." This a'is.? Prince believed in lenity, for he said to 
some of his minii-ters who thoue:ht him too much so, 'would you 
have lion;-; and tigers to reign over you? Know you not thai cruel- 
ty is the attribute of wild beasts — clemency that of man." 

Our disijosition toward those who have been unkind lo us for 
nearly three hundred years is like that of Ljcurtriis, a very great 
man. and the giver of many wise laws. When in a tumult he lest 
an eye. the man who was: guilty of the crime was captured and 
taken to Lycurs^iis lor punishment. He refused to do it. After keep- 
ing the man over one year in his own home, he brought him 
before his people, saynp; "Tlii.s is the man tlial came under i!!y 
care, jtroud, outraaeoiis and dissipated: lieliold, T restore him a^'aiii 
lo the eomnnniity. innnhle, irentle, reirular and altoffelher tit lo 
do t!!e reiMihlic service." 

The people wl.o advocate the expatriation of the Haniillc race 
ought never forget the words of the illustrious Aristides, the vic- 
tim of the law of ostracism in Athens, and what happened after- 
ward. Just before this great man left Athens he lifted up his hands 
toward heaven, praying "that the people of Athens might never 
see the day which should force them to remember Aristides." 

When Xerxes was, thrte years afterwards, advancing throu-?'; 
Thessaly and Bceotia to Attica, the Athenians recalled Aristides 
and all other exiles, fearing that a genius and a man of courage, 
fortitude and bravery Mould join their foes; but they were ignor- 
ant of his splendid character— he stood for Grecian liberty; so does 
the Hamitic race stands for American institutions. 

We find in our graat President the lofty spirit that is free from 
foolish ambition that usually destroys kings, emperors and king- 
doms. In him we discover a statesman whose careful attention is 
given to every section of this Kepublic; whose disposition is to 
abrogate by repeated messages, the unjust and pernicious acts that 
are destroying the youths of this Nation; and he is endeavoring 
tl^e best he can to relieve the weak and undeveloped portions of 
our country. He is a character who seems to sustain adversity 
with firmness, and the Nation's great prosperity with moderation. 
He does not merely Ftek to relieve whatever kind of distress, if 
any, but he aims to i-evivo the spirit of all the citizens of this Re- 
public; he endeavors always to connect authority with merit, and 
happiness with virtae. Religious faction and party faction are 
constrained in a truly noble way to acknowledge the peculiar 
superiority of his genius, in peace as well as in war. Both races 
can say, after this great speech of his, that our President is a 
p^rept lover of his couutr> and that be deserves the empire of the 
world. 

In our final comment on this most remarkable speech of our 
President, we think we can observe by an eye of faith that our 
white friends aie touched with the way we have handled this sub- 
ject; and wa V»t;lieve we caa account for.itl we have not been con- 



69 

sidering it through the ccld medium of books, but have been speak- 
ing of men and great n^casures, and the nature of man and human 
dominiun and what we i\; ve st'enoflliem ourselves amongst reUu- 
tanl nations, submitting to brutal authority. Wt- know how they 
ftel, and how such lecliiigs can alone bo repressed. Have we not 
heard them in the days cf our youth, from the lips of naked savage, 
in the indignant charade:- of a prince, surrounded by his subjects, 
addressing the representatives of the government of tlie naiiou 
in a great strain or flow of eloquence while holding up the broken 
links of the slave chainr. in their hands, as the notes of their un- 
lettered eloquence? 

The Future of the Hnmitic Kace. 

Thetexti:-Ps.Lxviii.31, says: "Princes shall come out of Egypt." 
This ancient city is in the land of Ham. one of the ancestrial 
homes of the race. The ancient glory of its i)eople has been writ- 
ten up by -Mauetho. Strabo and Herodotus, and other historians. 
The Bible in the sublimest language possible, sets forth the genius 
of the inhabitants cf that country, and describes the magnificent 
Avorks cf art thereof from start to finish. Isa. xiv 4: ]st King iv, :]0. 

Princes are descendants of a royal family. The I'ise of Princes 
of such a great race is a very significant prediction of its future 
power and glory. "Princes," plural number, indicate many of that 
rank and power to arise in Gcd's own -way and time. The next 
"Ethiopia" stands for the countries of the Cushite peoples where 
ever found; hence, the descendants of Ham. Now, it should not be 
forgotten thi.t the Chinese. Japanese, Hindus, Arabians, Abyssin- 
ians, etc., constitute a large percentage of the Hamitic descendants 
by Cush; who "shall soon" without delay everywhere and without 
hypocrisy, with a fixed purpose in keeping with God's plans and 
Providi nte, touching the immediate future of this mightly people. 

"Stretch out her hands unto God." The stretching cut of the 
hands implies active and forcible powers, as are witnessed iu 
these people we have mentioned; especially the Japanese, withiu 
the last three or five years. It sets forth intelligent worship — 
cogent reasoning with convincing and persuasive gestures, pro- 
found understanding, extensive wisdom, elaborate judgment, and 
an unsullied conscience — yes, and even a fervent spirit. The term 
"unto God" signifies a burning zeal for the help of temporal, moral 
and spiritual saving, enlivening and against destructive forces; 
this elocjuent appeal with the "hands unto God" dignifies the ut- 
most efforts, and declares the loftiest aspirations of the mind, and 
sublimest conception, percejition and moral and spiritual develop- 
ments of the soul. "Her hands," the feminine gender; "unto Gad" 
is expressive and most suggestive of an exalting truth, the only one 
representing the beautiful, lovely and attractive medium of re- 
productive human life, while the other presents the purest, and 
the only inexhaustlve source of living power, whose presence is 
ever with those who desire and seek Hla powerful jftid. . 



70 

This is imleed a step in the right direction, to hear great men 
plead for those who are unable to plead for themselves, beca'ui;-^ 
they lack vhe knowledge, the art, and the logical argumerAs, 
which are neceti-ary to transform unreasonable, and even great, 
enemies into a Ik iter slate of feelings toward the Itrotlicr in IJIatiw 

Who can fo ■ a single moment forget Sir Granville Shar;). 
Mr. Thomas Olarkson, iNlr. W ilberforce. Wendall Philips. W'm. 
J.lyod Garrison, Frederick Douglas?, Senator Charles Sumner, 
and many ethers whose eloyuence stirred the civilized nations of 
earth on the H; mitic race question? Let no one think nor believe 
that this stupendous work will be accomplished until evc-ry 
fiunily in evc'-y civilized community shall have become the center 
of and the source from which shall emanate that sense of .iustic-^ 
from which the sentiment of peace will continually flow, car.sra.y 
the race of man, wherever found, to feel a kinshi]) in each huuian 
being. 

Our timely remarks to the readers of this little treatise are 
those of such men who have impressed the world of mankind on 
the subject of earnestness; and if every member of the race would 
emulate their lives and i)rolit by their precepts and examples, the 
goal of his success and glory will be reached with comi)araiive 
ease. It should be remembered by every reader: — 

First* "This world is given as a prize for the men in earnest; 
and that which is true of tliis world is truer still of the world to 
come." 

Second. "When ten men are so earnest on one side that they 
will sooner be killed than give way, and twenty are earnest enough 
(11 the other to cast their votes for it but will not risk their skins, 
the ten men will give the law to the twenty in virtue of the 
i(jbuster faith, and of the strength which goes along with it." 

'I'liinl. "Kveiything yields lii'fore a strong and earnest will. It 
excites cuiilideiue in otiieis. Dilticullies, before which mere cle- 
verness fails, not only do not impede its progress, but it otien 
irakes of them stepping stones to a higher and more enduring 
triumph." 

Koiirlli. "Over the jiorch of the medical school at Athens were 
written these words of Hippocrates: 'TJfe is short, ai't long, op- 
portunity fleeting, experiment slippery; judgment, ditlicult.' What 
an incentive to earnestness do they contain!" 

Fiftli. "The men who keep the world frni stagnation; who 
strike out new paths, rouse others into activity, inaugurate new 
eras of progress; who, in spite of difficulties, achieve the monu- 
]Ti?nts of their energy and genius that are left standing and admir- 
^- 1 through the ages, are men who are wide awake and full of 
e:rnestDes£ — an earneetness in which intellect and heart are both 
enlisted." 

Sixlll. For the completion of this heaven-born and God-d*-- 
ibigued movement, the race — "Need red-hot men, white-hot men, 



71 

w l;(i liinii and .i;io\\' and (lame wiili Idvi' and /.ri\\ and <nlliusia.siii " 
for tlic cause and race they lepresenl. — '.Men whom you cannot aii- 
proach without I'eeling your heait growing warmer" and your 
brain expantlir.K with wisdom. — ".MeM who burn tiieir way thrnugli 
all oppo.siti'jns, and set tlu' world on lii'i'." witli the great enler- 
piise in wliich they are enli-sted for the good of mankind, anil such 
weie our anccEtors. men of the Hamitic race, as all auihentii; 
rtcord.s of the ancients fully attest. 

We ask these questions and pause for a rational reply : Who i?. 
it that was encroached upon by the restless foot of the unmerciful 
slave tiad(Ms on the fc; Mle plains of that land of greatest of mys- 
cries today? Will the K. ether in White stop and think, and change 
his attitude toward a people who have never done him any harm? 
If he will think of Hi.'n whc catises rivers to rise in high mountains 
and to empty themselves into great oceans; Ilim who causes to 
blow the loud winds of '.■inter; Him that calms them again in sum- 
mer; Him that rears up the stalwart oaks of the forests for shadf 
trees and wood; He wiio blasts them again with quick lightning, 
the race problem aouM be solved immediately. Remember that 
subjugated man all mound this globe has but one feeling, and 
that is. nothing but fK'.r will control where it is vain to look for 
affection. 

FINIS. 



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